Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily and is involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, metabolism, and cell growth.
Elevated levels of GDF15 have been associated with various types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, prostate, and lung cancers. It is often considered a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment response.
GDF15 can promote tumor growth and metastasis. It has been shown to enhance the survival of cancer cells under stress conditions, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, which are common in the tumor microenvironment.
GDF15 is involved in metabolic regulation and can affect energy homeostasis. In cancer, it may contribute to cachexia (a syndrome characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting), which is often seen in advanced cancer patients.
Strategies to inhibit GDF15 or its signaling pathways may offer new avenues for cancer treatment
GDF15 is a stress-inducible member of the TGF‑β superfamily whose elevated expression in various cancers is often associated with higher tumor stage, metastasis, and poorer survival outcomes.
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