Hippo signaling pathway is a crucial regulatory mechanism that controls cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It plays a significant role in organ size control and tissue homeostasis.
When the Hippo pathway is active, YAP and TAZ are phosphorylated by LATS1/2, leading to their retention in the cytoplasm and subsequent degradation. When the pathway is inactive, YAP and TAZ translocate to the nucleus, where they promote the expression of genes that drive cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.
In many cancers, the Hippo pathway is found to be inactivated, leading to the overactivation of YAP/TAZ. This results in uncontrolled cell growth and survival, contributing to tumorigenesis.
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