Diablo homolog is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the DIABLO gene on chromosome 12. DIABLO is also referred to as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases or SMAC. This protein binds inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, thus freeing caspases to activate apoptosis.
SMAC/Diablo is known to be a pro-apoptotic protein and its overexpression has been observed to oppose progression of a variety of tumor types. SMAC/Diablo possesses a new lipid synthesis-related function essential for cancer growth, rendering SMAC/Diablo a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Suggesting that the role of SMAC/Diablo in cancer can be a double-edged sword.
High levels of Diablo expression have been associated with increased sensitivity to chemotherapy and better prognosis in some cancers, as it may promote apoptosis in cancer cells. Conversely, low levels of Diablo expression might correlate with resistance to treatment and poorer outcomes.
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