The GLI gene family consists of three members: GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3. These genes encode transcription factors that play crucial roles in the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is important for various developmental processes and cellular functions.
: In many cancers, aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway leads to increased GLI expression. This can occur through mutations in Hedgehog pathway components or through the overexpression of Hedgehog ligands.
-GLI factors are implicated in maintaining cancer stem cell populations. These cells often drive tumor recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to therapy because they have self-renewal capabilities. The overactivation of GLI may, therefore, help sustain these subpopulations within tumors.
Elevated GLI expression levels can serve as a prognostic marker in certain cancers, indicating a more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes.
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