LC3s (MAP1-LC3A, B and C) are structural proteins of autophagosomal membranes, widely used as biomarkers of autophagy. Whether these three LC3 proteins have a similar biological role in autophagy remains obscure.
Protumorigenic: In many cases, especially in advanced cancers, increased autophagy (reflected by high LC3 levels) can support tumor growth by providing nutrients and promoting cell survival under stress conditions.
Antitumorigenic: Conversely, in early-stage tumors or in response to certain therapies, autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor by preventing the accumulation of damaged organelles and proteins.
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