Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of protein kinases that play essential roles in regulating the cell cycle, transcription, and other cellular processes. CDK1, CDK2, CDK5, and CDK9 have been implicated in cancer through various mechanisms:
CDK1: regulation of the cell cycle. Overexpressed in various cancers.
CDK2: Functions mainly in the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle, working closely with cyclins D and E. Often overexpressed in cancers.
CDK5: primarily involved in neuronal function and is activated by p35 and p39. can promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the context and the specific cancer type.
CDK9: regulating transcription by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Often overrepresented in cancers.
Targeting these kinases with specific inhibitors is an area of active research in cancer therapy.
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