Different forms of stress can induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in the translocation to the cytoplasm of intralysosomal components, such as cathepsins, inducing lysosomal-dependent cell death (LDCD).
Lysosomes are single-membrane cell organelles, the main cellular function of which is to degrade extracellular material internalized by endocytosis/phagocytosis. It is now clear that lysosomes are more than a cellular “suicide bag.” Multiple pathways converge in this organelle, including endocytosis/phagocytosis, autophagy and exocytosis, and lysosomes are key players in several types of cell death. The best-studied mechanism by which LDCD is induced is ROS-mediated lysosomal destabilization.
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) refers to the disruption of the lysosomal membrane, leading to the release of lysosomal contents, including hydrolytic enzymes, into the cytoplasm. This process can have significant implications for cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and cancer biology.
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization is a critical event in cancer biology, often associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Increased LMP can promote protumorigenic processes, while maintaining lysosomal integrity may have protective effects against cancer development.
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