A cytokine that regulates humoral and adaptive immunity, and is involved in allergies and regulates inflammation.
IL-4 produced by cancer cells promotes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
The close correlation between interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor progression has been observed in plenty of studies.
IL-4 is expressed in various cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hematological malignancies. Its expression can vary depending on the tumor type and the immune context.
Elevated levels of IL-4 are often associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, particularly Th2 cells and other immune cells that produce IL-4.
IL-4 is often considered a pro-tumorigenic cytokine. It can promote tumor growth and survival by enhancing the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. IL-4 can activate signaling pathways such as the STAT6 pathway, which is associated with cell proliferation and survival.
In some cancers, IL-4 can also promote angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, which is critical for tumor growth and metastasis.
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