Genes encode proteins that directly regulate chromatin through modification of histones or DNA. Examples include the histones HIST1H3B and H3F3A, as well as the proteins DNMT1 and TET1, which covalently modify DNA, EZH2, SETD2, and KDM6A, which, in turn, methylate or demethylate histones (53–57).
Chromatin modifications are critical regulators of gene expression and play significant roles in cancer development and progression. Dysregulation of these modifications can lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and genomic instability.
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