Cancer cells often exhibit altered metabolism and increased autophagy to support their rapid growth and survival. Lysosomes are central to these processes, and any compromise in their integrity can disrupt cellular homeostasis.
When lysosomal membranes become permeable, it can lead to the release of cathepsins (lysosomal proteases) into the cytoplasm, which can trigger apoptosis or necrosis.
Loss of lysosomal membrane integrity is often associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. It can lead to increased cell survival, resistance to apoptosis, and enhanced tumor growth.
Protumorigenic: Disruption of lysosomal membrane integrity is generally considered protumorigenic. It can lead to the release of cathepsins and other hydrolytic enzymes that promote tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Additionally, it can contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
Antitumorigenic: In some contexts, maintaining lysosomal integrity may support autophagic processes that can prevent tumorigenesis by degrading damaged organelles and proteins. However, this protective role is often compromised in cancer.
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