NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) is a member of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes, which are responsible for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cell types. NOX4 is regulated by hypoxia, which can activate its expression and activity.
NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) is an enzyme that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).
NOX4 is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH to oxygen, resulting in the production of superoxide anion (O2-) and other ROS. NOX4 is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the kidney, lung, and vascular smooth muscle cells.
NOX4 is generally expressed in cancer.
In general, high NOX4 expression is associated with:
Poor prognosis
Increased tumor size
Metastasis
Resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Poor response to treatment
Low NOX4 expression is associated with:
Better prognosis
Smaller tumor size
Less metastasis
Better response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Better response to treatment
The combination of NOX4-driven ROS and available iron can lead to a synergistic increase in oxidative stress, setting the stage for ferroptotic cell death.
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