Copper is an essential trace element that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including iron metabolism, energy production, and the functioning of the immune system. However, its relationship with cancer is complex, as both copper deficiency and excess can influence cancer development and progression.
Many cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of copper compared to normal cells. This accumulation can support tumor growth and metastasis by:
Enhancing angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels).
Promoting cell proliferation and survival.
Supporting the activity of copper-dependent enzymes that facilitate tumor progression.
Copper and Oxidative Stress: While copper is essential for antioxidant enzymes, excess copper can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to oxidative stress.
Elevated copper levels can promote inflammation and support the growth of tumors.
Copper Chelation Therapy: Given the role of copper in cancer progression, copper chelation (the use of agents that bind copper and promote its excretion) has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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