The PAO gene, also known as the polyamine oxidase gene, is a gene that encodes for the enzyme polyamine oxidase. This enzyme is involved in the breakdown of polyamines, which are small molecules that play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
The PAO gene is located on chromosome 10q23 in humans and is composed of 10 exons. The gene is highly conserved across different species, suggesting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Overexpressed: Breast, Lung, Colon
Underexpressed: Prostate, Ovarian
PAO (Polyamine Oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of polyamines (e.g., N^1-acetylspermine) leading to products including H₂O₂, which is an ROS capable of promoting DNA damage.
PAO inhibitors are being studied for their potential to modulate oxidative stress and affect polyamine balances in tumors, although this work is still largely in the early stages.
In summary, while the PAO gene product—polyamine oxidase—is generally reported to be upregulated or more active in several tumor types (such as prostate, colorectal, and some breast cancers) and is associated with mechanisms that may promote tumor progression (for example, by generating oxidative stress), the literature is still evolving.
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