ATR (Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Rad3-related) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and preventing cancer.
ATR is a protein kinase that is activated in response to DNA damage, particularly replication stress and single-strand breaks. When DNA damage occurs, ATR is activated and phosphorylates a variety of downstream targets, including Chk1, p53, and BRCA1. This activation of ATR triggers a signaling cascade that leads to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis (programmed cell death) if the damage is too severe to be repaired.
ATR is frequently overexpressed in cancers, and its expression is associated with a more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes.
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