(Prev called GRO1 oncogene)(KC) belongs to the CXC
The chemokine ligand 1 (CXCK1) is a small peptide belonging to the CXC chemokine family that acts as a chemoattractant for several immune cells, especially neutrophils or other non-hematopoietic cells to the site of injury or infection and plays an important role in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.
CXCL1 is increased in ovarian cancer via GRB2-associated binding protein 2-dependent autocrine way, promoting tumour cells proliferation and angiogenesis;
Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) belongs to the CXC family and it is homologous to interleukin (IL)-8.
The CXC chemokines can be further divided into two main subgroups based on the presence or absence of the ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg) motif:
1. ELR+ CXC Chemokines: These include chemokines such as CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), and CXCL12 (SDF-1). They are primarily involved in promoting angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils, and facilitating tumor growth.
2. ELR- CXC Chemokines: This subgroup includes chemokines like CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. These chemokines are often associated with anti-tumor immunity and can attract T cells and other immune cells to the tumor microenvironment.
CXC chemokines, particularly the ELR+ subset, can promote tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis.
CXC chemokines are involved in the metastatic spread of cancer cells. For example, CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are known to play significant roles in the migration of cancer cells to distant sites, such as the bone marrow and lymph nodes.
Given their roles in cancer progression, CXC chemokines and their receptors are being investigated as potential therapeutic targets.
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