Lactate production has been linked to cancer development and progression. In normal conditions, lactate is produced in cells through a process called glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to generate energy. However, in cancer cells, this process is often upregulated, leading to increased lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect.
-Lactate is the end product of glycolysis and induces TGFβ1 upregulation and the acidic microenvironment.
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