NAD generally refers to the oxidized form, known as NAD⁺
NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Research has shown that NAD levels are often decreased in cancer cells, and this decrease can contribute to the development and progression of cancer.
NAD is a coenzyme that plays a central role in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. It exists in two forms: NAD+ (oxidized) and NADH (reduced).
NADH is the reduced form of NAD⁺. When NAD⁺ accepts electrons (typically during metabolic processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and beta-oxidation), it becomes NADH.
NADPH, on the other hand, is a phosphorylated form of NADP+, which is a related coenzyme. NADPH is primarily involved in anabolic reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and antioxidant defenses.
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