Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs)
TAMs are a type of immune cell found abundantly within the tumor microenvironment. They originate from circulating monocytes that differentiate into macrophages upon migrating into tissues.
TAMs produce various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which can directly stimulate tumor cell proliferation and survival.
By secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other pro-angiogenic factors, TAMs facilitate the formation of new blood vessels, ensuring that tumors receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients.
High densities of TAMs are found in many tumor types, including breast, lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, among others.
high infiltration of TAMs in tumors is correlated with worse overall survival, aggressive disease, increased metastatic potential, and resistance to therapy.
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