The term "IL-1" is often used as an umbrella term for the interleukin-1 family, which includes multiple cytokines. The two best-known members are IL-1α and IL-1β.
IL-1β is secreted from cells and plays a major systemic role in inflammation. It is a crucial mediator in the inflammatory response and is involved in the fever response, activation of endothelial cells, and leukocyte recruitment.
Its increased expression is commonly linked to:
– Promotion of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that supports tumor growth.
– Enhanced angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
– Recruitment of myeloid cells that may further suppress antitumor immunity.
High expression of either tends to be associated with a more aggressive phenotype and worse prognosis in many cancer types.
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