• PPARα
– Regulates fatty acid oxidation, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis.
– Expressed primarily in liver, heart, kidney, and muscle, PPARα activation induces genes involved in β-oxidation and lipid transport.
– It is also involved in modulating inflammatory responses, which may indirectly affect cellular proliferation and survival.
– Expression and activation in cancers can vary:
– In some liver cancers, PPARα expression or activity may be altered, reflecting its central role in hepatic metabolism.
– Overactivation has been associated with liver proliferation in rodent models; however, species differences exist regarding the carcinogenic potential of PPARα agonists.
– Outside the liver, PPARα’s role is less defined, but its regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism may influence tumor metabolism and microenvironment.
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