Purinoceptor 7 (commonly referred to as P2X7 when discussing purinergic receptors, though note that P2X7 is an ATP-gated ion channel; if referring to a distinct purinoceptor termed “purinoceptor 7”
– Purinergic receptors are activated by extracellular nucleotides (e.g., ATP). In the context of P2X7, it is an ATP-gated ion channel that opens upon binding high concentrations of ATP.
– This receptor’s activation allows the flow of ions (such as Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺) across the plasma membrane, thereby initiating intracellular signaling cascades.
Cell Death and Proliferation:
– Prolonged or high-level activation of P2X7 can induce a form of programmed cell death (apoptosis or pyroptosis) by forming membrane pores.
– Conversely, under controlled conditions, P2X7 activation may promote cell proliferation and survival by triggering downstream signaling pathways responsible for growth and differentiation.
– Elevated expression of P2X7 has been documented in several cancer types, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and hematologic malignancies.
– Upregulation in tumor cells may occur either as an adaptive mechanism to the high extracellular ATP levels often found in the tumor microenvironment or as part of oncogenic signaling pathways.
– In several studies, high P2X7 expression has been correlated with aggressive tumor behavior, metastasis, and reduced overall survival.
Dual-Edge Effects:
– In certain circumstances, activation of P2X7 leading to cell death may actually have antitumor effects.
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