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pid
Abbr	Fe
Name	Iron
Type
Features

Metal 
Iron is a vital trace element that plays essential roles in various physiological processes. Its importance stems from its involvement in oxygen transport, energy production, DNA synthesis, and numerous enzymatic reactions. 
– Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, enabling the binding and transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues. 
– Iron participates in redox reactions due to its ability to alternate between ferrous (Fe²⁺) and ferric (Fe³⁺) states. 
 
Tumor cells often require increased iron to support their rapid proliferation and metabolic demands.
– Elevated iron availability can promote DNA synthesis, cell division, and tumor growth. 
 
• Promotion of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Formation: 
– Iron’s redox-active nature, while important for normal cell functions, can also lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species via reactions such as the Fenton reaction: 
Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂ → Fe³⁺ + •OH + OH⁻ 
– The hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced are highly reactive and can cause oxidative damage to cellular components (DNA, proteins, lipids). 
– This oxidative damage may contribute to genomic instability, mutations, and the progression of cancer. 
 
Cancer cells often exhibit increased iron dependency, targeting iron metabolism is a strategy that is being explored for cancer therapy. 
– Approaches include the use of iron chelators to sequester iron and limit its availability to tumor cells, thereby inhibiting their growth. 
– Alternatively, therapies may aim to exploit iron’s capacity to generate toxic ROS beyond a threshold that cancer cells can manage, leading to selective cell death.

Metal
Iron is a vital trace element that plays essential roles in various physiological processes. Its importance stems from its involvement in oxygen transport, energy production, DNA synthesis, and numerous enzymatic reactions.
– Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, enabling the binding and transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
– Iron participates in redox reactions due to its ability to alternate between ferrous (Fe²⁺) and ferric (Fe³⁺) states.

Tumor cells often require increased iron to support their rapid proliferation and metabolic demands. – Elevated iron availability can promote DNA synthesis, cell division, and tumor growth.

• Promotion of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Formation:
– Iron’s redox-active nature, while important for normal cell functions, can also lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species via reactions such as the Fenton reaction:
Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂ → Fe³⁺ + •OH + OH⁻
– The hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced are highly reactive and can cause oxidative damage to cellular components (DNA, proteins, lipids).
– This oxidative damage may contribute to genomic instability, mutations, and the progression of cancer.

Cancer cells often exhibit increased iron dependency, targeting iron metabolism is a strategy that is being explored for cancer therapy.
– Approaches include the use of iron chelators to sequester iron and limit its availability to tumor cells, thereby inhibiting their growth.
– Alternatively, therapies may aim to exploit iron’s capacity to generate toxic ROS beyond a threshold that cancer cells can manage, leading to selective cell death.

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