GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
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Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
NA, Not Available: Click to Expand ⟱
none (reserved)
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1341- 3BP,    The HK2 Dependent “Warburg Effect” and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: Targets for Effective Therapy with 3-Bromopyruvate
- Review, NA, NA
Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↓, *toxicity↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↑,
5263- 3BP,  CET,    3-Bromopyruvate overcomes cetuximab resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis
- in-vitro, CRC, DLD1 - NA, NA, HCT116
eff↑, Ferroptosis↓, TumAuto↑, Apoptosis↑, FOXO3↑, AMPKα↑, p‑Beclin-1↑, HK2↓, ATP↓, ROS↑, Dose↝, TumVol↓, TumW↓, xCT↑, GSH↓, eff↓, MDA↑,
1902- AgNPs,    Modulation of the mechanism of action of antibacterial silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes by variation of the halide ligand
- in-vitro, NA, NA
TrxR↓, GSR↓, GSH↓,
335- AgNPs,  PDT,    Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, GPx↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, p38↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓,
236- AL,    Allicin: Chemistry and Biological Properties
- Analysis, NA, NA
GSH↓, Bacteria↓, LDL↓, ROS↑, NRF2↑, cognitive↑, memory↑, BP↓, RNS↓,
1547- Api,    Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading
- Review, NA, NA
angioG↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓, TumCCA↑, Dose∅, ROS↑, MMP↓, Catalase↓, GSH↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, OCT4↓, Nanog↓, SIRT3↓, SIRT6↓, eff↑, eff↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, p‑GSK‐3β↓, FOXO3↑, p‑STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, COX2↓, MMPs↓, NRF2↓, HDAC↓, Telomerase↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, CK2↓, HSP90↓, Hif1a↓, FAK↓, EMT↓,
1564- Api,    Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation
- in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
MDM2↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, P21↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, eff↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp↑, TumCG↓, TumVol↓, TumW↓,
3395- ART/DHA,    Artesunate Induces Ferroptosis in Hepatic Stellate Cells and Alleviates Liver Fibrosis via the ROCK1/ATF3 Axis
- in-vitro, NA, HSC-T6
*Ferroptosis↑, *GSH↓, *ROCK1↓,
3176- Ash,    Apoptosis is induced in leishmanial cells by a novel protein kinase inhibitor withaferin A and is facilitated by apoptotic topoisomerase I-DNA complex
- in-vitro, NA, NA
PKCδ↓, TOP1∅, ROS↑, GSH↓, DNAdam↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑,
726- Bor,    Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells—An Issue Still Open
- Review, NA, NA
NAD↝, SAM-e↝, PSA↓, IGF-1↓, Cyc↓, P21↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↑, SOD↓, Catalase↓, MDA↑, GSH↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, BRAF↝, MAPK↝, PTEN↝, PI3K/Akt↝, eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, ATF6↑, NRF2↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
6158- CoQ10,    Coenzyme Q10 Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis via the ROS-Triggered mTOR Signaling Pathway
- in-vitro, NA, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, SOD↓,
1603- Cu,  BP,  SDT,    Glutathione Depletion-Induced ROS/NO Generation for Cascade Breast Cancer Therapy and Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immune Response
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
GSH↓, Fenton↑, ROS↑, NO↑, sonoS↑, eff↑, NO↑, *toxicity∅, eff?,
1600- Cu,    Cu(II) complex that synergistically potentiates cytotoxicity and an antitumor immune response by targeting cellular redox homeostasis
- Review, NA, NA
ER Stress↑, ROS↑, AntiTum↑, GSH↓, Ferroptosis↑, selectivity↑, GSH/GSSG↓, *ROS∅, eff↑,
1570- Cu,    Development of copper nanoparticles and their prospective uses as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer agents in the pharmaceutical sector
- Review, NA, NA
selectivity↑, antiOx↑, ROS↑, eff↑, GSH↓, lipid-P↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, other↑,
2273- dietMet,    Methionine and cystine double deprivation stress suppresses glioma proliferation via inducing ROS/autophagy
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vivo, NA, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, TumCP↓, TumAuto↑, LC3II↑,
1799- NarG,    Naringenin as potent anticancer phytocompound in breast carcinoma: from mechanistic approach to nanoformulations based therapeutics
- Review, NA, NA
TumCCA↑, BioAv↑, Half-Life∅, TNF-α↓, Casp8↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, EGF↓, mTOR↓, PI3K↓, ERK↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, antiOx↑, EMT↓, OS↑, MAPK↓, ChemoSen↑, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, ROS↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Casp3↑, ROS↑,
1939- PL,    Piperlongumine selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs-CHOP
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ER Stress↑, selectivity↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↓, Ca+2↑, MAPK↑, CHOP↑, Dose↝,
35- QC,    Quercetin may act as a cytotoxic prooxidant after its metabolic activation to semiquinone and quinoidal product
- Study, NA, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓,
39- QC,    A Comprehensive Analysis and Anti-Cancer Activities of Quercetin in ROS-Mediated Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells
- Analysis, NA, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, IL6↓, COX2↓, IL8↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, MAPK↑, ERK↑, SOD↑, ATP↓, Casp↑, PI3K/Akt↓, mTOR↓, NOTCH1↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, IFN-γ↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Akt↓, P70S6K↓, *Keap1↓, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *NRF2↑, NRF2↑, eff↑, HIF-1↓,
920- QC,    Interfering with ROS Metabolism in Cancer Cells: The Potential Role of Quercetin
- Review, NA, NA
GSH↓, ROS↑,
914- QC,    Quercetin and Cancer Chemoprevention
- Review, NA, NA
GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, AMPKα↑, ASK1↑, p38↑, TRAIL↑, DR5↑, cFLIP↓, Apoptosis↑,
4453- SeNPs,    Selenium Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Application
- Review, NA, NA
*toxicity↓, *Bacteria↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, ER Stress↑, P53↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, Catalase↓, SOD↓, GSH↓, selectivity↓, selectivity↑, PCNA↓, eff↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *creat↓, *Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, selectivity↑,
2410- SIL,    Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumAuto↑, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, H2O2↑, P53↑, GSH↓, xCT↓, BNIP3↝, MMP↑, mt-ROS↑, mtDam↑, HK2↓, PFKP↓, PKM2↓, TumCG↓,
1342- SK,    RIP1 and RIP3 contribute to shikonin-induced DNA double-strand breaks in glioma cells via increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species
- in-vitro, GBM, NA - in-vivo, NA, NA
RIP1↑, RIP3↑, DNAdam↑, ROS↑, GSH↓,
1343- SK,    Simple ROS-responsive micelles loaded Shikonin for efficient ovarian cancer targeting therapy by disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis
- in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S - in-vivo, NA, A2780S
*BioAv↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, TumCG↓,
2100- TQ,    Dual properties of Nigella Sative: Anti-oxidant and Pro-oxidant
- Review, NA, NA
ROS⇅, *antiOx↑, *SOD↑, *MPO↑, *neuroP↑, *chemoP↑, *radioP↑, NF-kB↓, IAP1↓, IAP2↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, COX2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, ROS↑, P21↑, HDAC↓, GSH↓, GADD45A↑, AIF↑, STAT3↓,
635- VitC,  VitK3,    The combination of ascorbate and menadione causes cancer cell death by oxidative stress and replicative stress
- in-vitro, NA, NA
RNR↓, GSH↓, Trx1↓, GPx↓, lipid-P↑, AIF↑, ROS↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 27 of 27

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 27

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↓, 5,   Fenton↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 26,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSR↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 2,   MDA↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 3,   OXPHOS↓, 1,   RNS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 26,   ROS⇅, 1,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SAM-e↝, 1,   SIRT3↓, 1,   SOD↓, 5,   SOD↑, 1,   Trx1↓, 1,   TrxR↓, 1,   xCT↓, 1,   xCT↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 2,   ATP↓, 3,   EGF↓, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 5,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 2,   LDL↓, 1,   NAD↝, 1,   PFKP↓, 1,   PI3K/Akt↓, 1,   PI3K/Akt↝, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   RNR↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis↑, 4,   ASK1↑, 1,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 5,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   Bcl-xL↓, 3,   BID↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 3,   Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 3,   cFLIP↓, 1,   CK2↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 3,   DR5↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   IAP1↓, 1,   IAP2↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 2,   MAPK↝, 1,   MDM2↓, 1,   p38↑, 2,   RIP1↑, 1,   survivin↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TRAIL↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

AMPKα↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↑, 1,   sonoS↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 1,   eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 3,   HSP90↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

p‑Beclin-1↑, 1,   BNIP3↝, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 3,   GADD45A↑, 1,   P53↑, 3,   PCNA↓, 1,   SIRT6↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Cyc↓, 1,   P21↓, 1,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 5,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

BRAF↝, 1,   CSCs↓, 1,   EMT↓, 3,   ERK↓, 1,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 2,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 2,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 2,   Nanog↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   PTEN↝, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   p‑STAT3↓, 1,   TOP1∅, 1,   TumCG↓, 3,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   FAK↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 3,   MMPs↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   ATF4↑, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↑, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   IL8↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,   p65↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   Dose∅, 1,   eff?, 1,   eff↓, 3,   eff↑, 15,   Half-Life∅, 1,   selectivity↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 5,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

BP↓, 1,   BRAF↝, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   PSA↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiTum↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 2,   TumW↓, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 166

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   MPO↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS∅, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Ferroptosis↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

ROCK1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity∅, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 26

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
4 Quercetin
3 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
2 3-bromopyruvate
2 Silver-NanoParticles
2 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
2 Shikonin
1 cetuximab
1 Photodynamic Therapy
1 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
1 Artemisinin
1 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
1 Boron
1 Coenzyme Q10
1 Black phosphorus
1 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
1 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 Naringin
1 Piperlongumine
1 Selenium NanoParticles
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Thymoquinone
1 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1 VitK3,menadione
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:0  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:1
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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