| Source: |
| Type: |
| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 3282- | SIL, | Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 2410- | SIL, | Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2416- | SK, | Shikonin induces cell death by inhibiting glycolysis in human testicular cancer I-10 and seminoma TCAM-2 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Testi, | TCAM-2 |
| 2231- | SK, | Shikonin Exerts Cytotoxic Effects in Human Colon Cancers by Inducing Apoptotic Cell Death via the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | SNU-407 |
| 2230- | SK, | Shikonin induces ROS-based mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2190- | SK, | Shikonin exerts antitumor activity by causing mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma through PKM2-AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HCCLM3 |
| 2188- | SK, | Molecular mechanism of shikonin inhibiting tumor growth and potential application in cancer treatment |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2227- | SK, | Shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gastric cancer through reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 2219- | SK, | Shikonin induces apoptosis of HaCaT cells via the mitochondrial, Erk and Akt pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HaCaT |
| 3045- | SK, | Cutting off the fuel supply to calcium pumps in pancreatic cancer cells: role of pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2) |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 |
| 3043- | SK, | Shikonin Induces Apoptosis by Inhibiting Phosphorylation of IGF-1 Receptor in Myeloma Cells. |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | RPMI-8226 |
| 3041- | SK, | Promising Nanomedicines of Shikonin for Cancer Therapy |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3040- | SK, | Pharmacological Properties of Shikonin – A Review of Literature since 2002 |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | IBD, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 1344- | SK, | Novel multiple apoptotic mechanism of shikonin in human glioma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | Hs683 | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | M059K |
| 1346- | SK, | An Oxidative Stress Mechanism of Shikonin in Human Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | Hs683 |
| 2008- | SK, | Cisplatin, | Enhancement of cisplatin-induced colon cancer cells apoptosis by shikonin, a natural inducer of ROS in vitro and in vivo |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2007- | SK, | Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | U937 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | NA, | Nor, | RPE-1 |
| 4891- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 4894- | Sper, | Application of Spermidine in Cancer Research Models: Notes and Protocols |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4897- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 4742- | SSE, | Antitumor Effects of Selenium |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA | - | Review, | Sepsis, | NA |
| 4723- | SSE, | Selenium Induces Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Direct Interaction with Nrf2 and Gpx4 |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 5079- | SSE, | Rad, | The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | BEAS-2B |
| 5075- | SSE, | Sodium selenite inhibits proliferation and metastasis through ROS‐mediated NF‐κB signaling in renal cell carcinoma |
| - | vitro+vivo, | RCC, | 786-O |
| 5105- | SSE, | Sodium selenite induces apoptosis by generation of superoxide via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 5090- | SSE, | Sodium Selenite Induces Ferroptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells Via Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/Glutathione (GSH)/Glutathione Peroxidase4 (GPx4) Axis |
| - | NA, | Lung, | A549 |
| 5086- | SSE, | Sodium Selenite Induces Superoxide-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage and Subsequent Autophagic Cell Death in Malignant Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | T98G | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | A172 |
| 5084- | SSE, | GEM, | The Antitumor Activity of Sodium Selenite Alone and in Combination with Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | vitro+vivo, | PC, | Panc02 |
| 3955- | Taur, | Mechanism of neuroprotective function of taurine |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
| 3950- | Taur, | Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes |
| - | Review, | Diabetic, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3956- | Taur, | Mechanisms underlying taurine protection against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3954- | Taur, | Mode of action of taurine as a neuroprotector |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
| 5327- | TFdiG, | Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | A2780S |
| 5221- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial events in p53-null myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
| 3404- | TQ, | The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3432- | TQ, | Thymoquinone: Review of Its Potential in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
| 3559- | TQ, | Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3564- | TQ, | The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone on Scopolamine-Induced In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease-like Condition: Mechanistic Insights |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 2112- | TQ, | Crude flavonoid extract of the medicinal herb Nigella sativa inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breastcancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 2123- | TQ, | Thymoquinone suppresses growth and induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in primary effusion lymphoma |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | PEL |
| 2127- | TQ, | Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Glioblastoma Treatment: Targeting Major Gliomagenesis Signaling Pathways |
| - | Review, | GBM, | NA |
| 2129- | TQ, | doxoR, | Thymoquinone up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 2085- | TQ, | Anticancer Activities of Nigella Sativa (Black Cumin) |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2092- | TQ, | Dissecting the Potential Roles of Nigella sativa and Its Constituent Thymoquinone on the Prevention and on the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 2110- | TQ, | Nigella sativa seed oil suppresses cell proliferation and induces ROS dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through p53 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
| 1929- | TQ, | Thymoquinone Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration and Invasiveness through Regulating ROS, Autophagic Flux and miR-877-5p in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | 5637 | - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 |
| 1931- | TQ, | doxoR, | Thymoquinone enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin against adult T-cell leukemia in vitro and in vivo through ROS-dependent mechanisms |
| - | in-vivo, | AML, | NA |
| 1936- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis and increase ROS in ovarian cancer cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | CaOV3 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | WRL68 |
| 3790- | UA, | Therapeutic applications of ursolic acid: a comprehensive review and utilization of predictive tools |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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