GSH Cancer Research Results

GSH, Glutathione: Click to Expand ⟱
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Glutathione (GSH) is a thiol antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Decreased amounts of GSH and a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio in tissues are biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant found in every cell of the body, composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamine, and glycine. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system.
cancer cells can have elevated levels of glutathione, which may help them survive in the oxidative environment created by the immune response and chemotherapy. This can make cancer cells more resistant to treatment.
While glutathione can be obtained from certain foods (like fruits, vegetables, and meats), its absorption from supplements is debated. Some people take N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or other precursors to boost glutathione levels, but the effects on cancer prevention or treatment are still being studied.
Depleting glutathione (GSH) to raise reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a strategy that has been explored in cancer research and therapy.
Many cancer cells have altered redox states and may rely on GSH to survive. Increasing ROS levels can induce stress in these cells, potentially leading to cell death.
Certain drugs and compounds can deplete GSH levels. For example, agents like buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to its depletion.
Cancer cells tend to exhibit higher levels of intracellular GSH, possibly as an adaptive response to a higher metabolism and thus higher steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

"...intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)..."
"Cancer cells have a high level of GSH compared to normal cells."
"...cancer cells are affluent with high antioxidant levels, especially with GSH, whose appearance at an elevated concentration of ∼10 mM (10 times less in normal cells) detoxifies the cancer cells." "Therefore, GSH depletion can be assumed to be the key strategy to amplify the oxidative stress in cancer cells, enhancing the destruction of cancer cells by fruitful cancer therapy."

The loss of GSH is broadly known to be directly related to the apoptosis progression.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4167- NAC,    N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action
- Review, NA, NA
*GSH↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓,
1799- NarG,    Naringenin as potent anticancer phytocompound in breast carcinoma: from mechanistic approach to nanoformulations based therapeutics
- Review, NA, NA
TumCCA↑, BioAv↑, Half-Life∅, TNF-α↓, Casp8↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, EGF↓, mTOR↓, PI3K↓, ERK↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, antiOx↑, EMT↓, OS↑, MAPK↓, ChemoSen↑, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, ROS↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Casp3↑, ROS↑,
6486- Nimb,    Nimbolide: promising agent for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*other↝, *Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *Bacteria↓, *AntiViral↑, *neuroP↑, *hepatoP↑, *ROS?, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *TLR4↓, *NF-kB↓, *AChE↓, *Aβ↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *LDL↓, *DNAdam↓, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, *SOD1↑, *GSH↑, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *STAT3↓, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *HDL↓, *MCP1↓, *VEGF↓, *MMP9↓, *GutMicro↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, NF-kB↓, ROS↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, selectivity↑, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, STAT3↓, MMP2↓, Sp1/3/4↓, AP-1↓, P21↑, *AntiArt↑, *IL23↓, *IL17↓, *IFN-γ↓, *HSP70/HSPA5↓,
4643- OLE,  HT,    Use of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Considerations about How Bioavailability and Metabolism Impact Their Adoption in Clinical Routine
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑, Bcl-2↓, NOX4↑, Hif1a↓, MMP2↓, MMP↓, VEGF↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, SIRT3↓, mTOR↓, Catalase↓, SOD2↓, FASN↓, STAT3↓, HDAC2↓, HDAC3↓, BAD↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27↑, Half-Life↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, selectivity↑, RadioS↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *chemoP↑, *Inflam↓, PPARγ↑,
2035- PB,    Sodium Phenylbutyrate Controls Neuroinflammatory and Antioxidant Activities and Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease
- in-vitro, Nor, glial - in-vivo, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↑, *P21↓, *antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *NF-kB↓, *neuroP↑, *HDAC↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *LDL↓, ROS↓,
3249- PBG,    Can Propolis Be a Useful Adjuvant in Brain and Neurological Disorders and Injuries? A Systematic Scoping Review of the Latest Experimental Evidence
- Review, Var, NA
*Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↓, *GSH↑, *neuroP↑, *IL6↓, *MMP2↓, *MMP9↓, *MCP1↓, *HSP70/HSPA5↑, *motorD↑, *Pain↓, *VCAM-1↓, *NF-kB↓, *MAPK↓, *JNK↓, *IL1β↓, *AChE↓, *toxicity∅, cognitive↑,
3250- PBG,    Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids
- Review, NA, NA
*SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *Prx↑, *HO-1↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL4↑, *IL10↑, *TLR4↓, *LOX1↓, *COX1↓, *COX2↓, *NF-kB↓, *AP-1↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *TGF-β↓, *IL8↓, *MMP9↓, *α-SMA↓, *MDA↓,
3251- PBG,    The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids from Propolis via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, Var, NA - in-vitro, Nor, H9c2
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *NO↓, *NOS2↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *hepatoP↑, *MDA↓, *mtDam↓, *GSH↑, *p65↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *NRF2↑, *NRF2↓, *ROS⇅, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↑,
3259- PBG,    Propolis and its therapeutic effects on renal diseases: A review
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, *COX2↓, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *NF-kB↓, TumCP↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, STAT↓, Hif1a↓, RenoP↑, TLR4↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *toxicity∅,
3257- PBG,    The Potential Use of Propolis as a Primary or an Adjunctive Therapy in Respiratory Tract-Related Diseases and Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review
- Review, Var, NA
CDK4↓, CDK6↓, pRB↓, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, Vim↓, *COX2↓, *MPO↓, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *IL1β↓, *IL10↓, *GPx↓, *TLR4↓, *Sepsis↓, *IFN-γ↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *α-SMA↓, *TGF-β↓, *IL5↓, *IL6↓, *IL8↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *MMP9↓,
1679- PBG,    Constituents of Propolis: Chrysin, Caffeic Acid, p-Coumaric Acid, and Ferulic Acid Induce PRODH/POX-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell (CAL-27)
- in-vitro, SCC, CAL27
tumCV↓, P53↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, GSH↓, proline↓,
1670- PBG,    Lung response to propolis treatment during experimentally induced lung adenocarcinoma
- in-vivo, Lung, NA
GSH↑, SOD↑, MDA↓, selectivity↑, Inflam↓, TumW↓,
4949- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Exposure Promotes Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Sp1 Transcription Factor in Cancer Stem Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
ROS↑, selectivity↑, CSCs↓, Sp1/3/4↓, P-gp↓, ALDH↓, GSH↓, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑,
4951- PEITC,    ROS accumulation by PEITC selectively kills ovarian cancer cells via UPR-mediated apoptosis
- in-vitro, Ovarian, PA1 - in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3
ROS↑, TumCP↓, GSH↓, selectivity↑, UPR↑, CHOP↑, ER Stress↑, GRP78/BiP↑, PERK↑, ATF6↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, toxicity↓,
4953- PEITC,    PEITC: a natural compound effective in killing primary leukemia cells and overcoming drug resistance
- in-vitro, CLL, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, TumCD↓, eff↓, Mcl-1↓, Casp3↑,
4954- PEITC,    Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate
- vitro+vivo, Ovarian, SKOV3
ROS↑, GSH↓, selectivity↑, mtDam↑, TumCD↑, OS↑, eff↑, *toxicity↓, H2O2↑, NO↑, eff↓, GPx↓, Dose↝, eff↑,
4956- PEITC,    Inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by a novel ROS-modulating agent with ability to eliminate stem-like cancer cells
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549
GSH↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑, mitResp↓, MMP↓, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, ABC↓, SOX2↓, CD133↓, CD44↓, ALDH↓, Nanog↓, TumCG↓,
4964- PEITC,    Irreversible Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a Dietary Cancer Chemopreventive Phytochemical
- in-vitro, Var, NA
GSH↓, GSTA1↓, chemoPv↑,
4922- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, *BioAv↑, *other↝, *Dose↝, Dose↓, *BioAv↑, *Dose↝, *Half-Life↝, *toxicity↝, GSH↓, ROS↑, CYP1A1↑, CYP1A2↑, P450↓, CYP2E1↑, CYP3A4↓, CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, *ROS↓, *GPx1↑, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, Akt↓, EGFR↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, P53↑, Telomerase↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, DR4↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, TumAuto↑, Hif1a↓, angioG↓, MMPs↓, ERK↓, NF-kB↓, EMT↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, selectivity↑, *antiOx↑, Dose↝, other↝, OCR↓, GSH↓, ITGB1↓, ITGB6↓, ChemoSen↑,
4944- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate induces DNA damage-associated G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis in oral cancer cells with varying p53 mutations
- in-vitro, Oral, NA
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, NO↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, DNAdam↑, ATM↑, Chk2↑, P53↑, eff↓,
4925- PEITC,    PEITC triggers multiple forms of cell death by GSH-iron-ROS regulation in K7M2 murine osteosarcoma cells
- in-vitro, OS, NA
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, Ferroptosis↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, MAPK↑, TumCG↓, Dose⇅,
4932- PEITC,    Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Implications in Breast Cancer Prevention
- Review, BC, NA
TumCCA↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, ERα/ESR1↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓,
4934- PEITC,    Differential induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines by phenethyl isothiocyanate, a glutathione depleting agent
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
GSH↓, ROS↑, chemoPv↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, BAX↑, Nrf1↑, GSH↓, GSSG↓, GSH/GSSG↓,
4937- PEITC,    PEITC: Functional Compound for Primary and Tertiary Chemoprevention of Cancer
chemoPv↑, tumCV↓, GSH↓, ROS↑, *toxicity↝,
5217- PG,    Role of redox signaling regulation in propyl gallate-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells
- in-vitro, AML, THP1 - in-vitro, AML, Jurkat - in-vitro, AML, HL-60
tumCV↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, P53↑, BAX↑, Fas↑, FasL↑, MAPK↑, NRF2↓, GSH↓,
5218- PG,    Propyl gallate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth through the induction of ROS and the activation of autophagy
- in-vitro, HCC, Hep3B
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, TumAuto↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX↑, BAD↑, Bcl-2↓, toxicity↓, hepatoP↑, GSH↓,
1767- PG,    Propyl gallate induces cell death in human pulmonary fibroblast through increasing reactive oxygen species levels and depleting glutathione
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*ROS↑, *GSH↓, *SOD↓, *Catalase↓, eff↓,
1769- PG,    The Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Caspase Inhibitors in Propyl Gallate-Treated Lung Cancer Cells Are Related to Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione Levels
- in-vitro, Lung, Calu-6 - in-vitro, Lung, A549
TumCP↓, eff↑, ROS↑, GSH↓,
1772- PG,    Propyl gallate decreases the proliferation of Calu-6 and A549 lung cancer cells via affecting reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels
- in-vitro, Lung, Calu-6 - in-vitro, Lung, A549
ROS⇅, TumCP↓, GSH↓,
1765- PG,    Enhanced cell death effects of MAP kinase inhibitors in propyl gallate-treated lung cancer cells are related to increased ROS levels and GSH depletion
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, Calu-6
TumCD↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, Dose∅, eff↑,
1257- PI,    Piperlongumine attenuates bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in mice via inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad and EMT pathways
- ex-vivo, LiverDam, NA
*Fibronectin↓, *α-SMA↓, *COL1↓, *COL3A1↓, *TGF-β↓, *EMT↓, *MMP2↓, *α-SMA↓, *Smad7↑, *E-cadherin↑, *Vim↓, *hepatoP↑, *antiOx↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓,
3587- PI,    Piperine: A review of its biological effects
- Review, Park, NA - Review, AD, NA
*hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *angioG↑, *cardioP↑, *BioAv↑, *P450↓, *eff↑, *BioAv↑, E-cadherin↓, ER(estro)↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, cMyc↓, BAX↑, P53↑, TumCG↓, OS↑, *cognitive↑, *GSK‐3β↓, *GSH↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *lipid-P↓, *motorD↑, *AChE↓, *memory↑, *cardioP↑, *ROS↓, *PPARγ↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *AMPK↑, *5HT↑, *SIRT1↑, *eff↑,
3596- PI,    Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*TBARS↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSTs↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓,
1940- PL,    Piperlongumine Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma Cells via Activation of ROS-Dependent p38 and JNK Signaling Pathways
- in-vitro, GBM, LN229 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
ROS↑, GSH↓, p38↑, JNK↑, IKKα↑, NF-kB↓, eff↓,
1953- PL,    Designing piperlongumine-directed anticancer agents by an electrophilicity-based prooxidant strategy: A mechanistic investigation
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, WI38
ROS↑, selectivity↑, TrxR↓, TumCCA↑, GSH?, H2O2↑,
1941- PL,    Piperlongumine selectively kills cancer cells and increases cisplatin antitumor activity in head and neck cancer
- in-vitro, HNSCC, NA
selectivity↑, eff↑, ROS↑, toxicity↑, GSH↓, GSSG↑, *GSSG∅, cl‑PARP↑, PUMA↑, GSTP1/GSTπ↓, ChemoSen↑,
1939- PL,    Piperlongumine selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs-CHOP
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ER Stress↑, selectivity↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↓, Ca+2↑, MAPK↑, CHOP↑, Dose↝,
2649- PL,    Oxidative Stress Inducers in Cancer Therapy: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, TrxR↓, Trx↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, ER Stress↑, DNAdam↑, ChemoSen↑, BioAv↓,
2973- PL,    The Natural Alkaloid Piperlongumine Inhibits Metastatic Activity and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Triple-Negative Mammary Carcinoma Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1
MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IL6↓, E-cadherin↑, ROS↑, EMT↓, Zeb1↓, Slug↓, TumMeta↓, selectivity↑, MMP2↓, GSH↓,
2956- PL,    Piperlongumine rapidly induces the death of human pancreatic cancer cells mainly through the induction of ferroptosis
- in-vitro, PC, NA
ROS↑, Ferroptosis↓, GSH↓, GPx↓, cl‑PARP∅, cl‑Casp3∅, eff↑, eff↑,
2941- PL,    Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS
- in-vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, OS, U2OS - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-453
ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, *ROS∅, GSH↓, GSSG↑, H2O2↑, NO↑, Half-Life?,
2942- PL,    Piperlongumine increases sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to radiation: Involvement of ROS production via dual inhibition of glutathione and thioredoxin systems
- in-vitro, CRC, CT26 - in-vitro, CRC, DLD1 - in-vivo, CRC, CT26
ROS↑, GSH↓, TrxR↓, RadioS↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, mitResp↓, GSTs↓, OS↑,
2943- PL,    Piperlongumine Inhibits Thioredoxin Reductase 1 by Targeting Selenocysteine Residues and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Erastin
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7
TrxR1?, TumCD↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↑,
2946- PL,    Piperlongumine, a potent anticancer phytotherapeutic: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as an anticancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, DNAdam↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, BioEnh↑, selectivity↑, BioAv↓, eff↑, p‑Akt↓, mTOR↓, GSK‐3β↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, HK2↓, Glycolysis↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, cl‑PARP↑, TrxR↓, ER Stress↑, ATF4↝, CHOP↑, Prx4↑, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, p‑RB1↓, RAS↓, cMyc↓, TumCCA↑, selectivity↑, STAT3↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, PTEN↑, P-gp↓, MDR1↓, MRP1/ABCC1↓, survivin↓, Twist↓, AP-1↓, Sp1/3/4↓, STAT1↓, STAT6↓, SOX4↑, XBP-1↑, P21↑, eff↑, Inflam↓, COX2↓, IL6↓, MMP9↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓, ICAM-1↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, Half-Life↝, BioAv↑,
2948- PL,    The promising potential of piperlongumine as an emerging therapeutics for cancer
- Review, Var, NA
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, *hepatoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, cardioP↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, CDK1↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, PCNA↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Glycolysis↓, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, JAK1↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, ERK↓, cFos↓, Slug↓, E-cadherin↑, TOP2↓, P53↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, BIM↑, p‑FOXO3↓, Sp1/3/4↓, cMyc↓, EGFR↓, survivin↓, cMET↓, NQO1↑, SOD2↑, TrxR↓, MDM2↓, p‑eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, MDA↑, Ki-67↓, MMP9↓, Twist↓, SOX2↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, TumW↓, TumCG↓, HK2↓, RB1↓, IL6↓, IL8↓, SOD1↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity↓, Sp1/3/4↓, GSH↓, SOD↑,
2949- PL,    Piperlongumine selectively kills glioblastoma multiforme cells via reactive oxygen species accumulation dependent JNK and p38 activation
- in-vitro, GBM, LN229 - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
selectivity↑, ROS↑, JNK↑, p38↑, GSH↓, eff↓,
2950- PL,    Overview of piperlongumine analogues and their therapeutic potential
- Review, Var, NA
AntiAg↑, neuroP↑, Inflam↓, NO↓, PGE2↓, MMP3↓, MMP13↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, p38↑, JNK↑, NF-kB↑, ROS↑, FOXM1↓, TrxR1↓, GSH↓, Trx↓, cMyc↓, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, Mcl-1↓, STAT3↓, AR↓, DNAdam↑,
2951- PL,  AF,    Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
GSH↓, eff↑, GSTP1/GSTπ↓,
2952- PL,    Piperlongumine suppresses bladder cancer invasion via inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition and F-actin reorganization
- in-vitro, Bladder, T24/HTB-9 - in-vivo, Bladder, NA
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ROS↑, Slug↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Zeb1↓, N-cadherin↓, F-actin↓, GSH↓, EMT↓, CLDN1↓, ZO-1↓,
2962- PL,    Synthesis of Piperlongumine Analogues and Discovery of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2‑Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activators as Potential Neuroprotective Agents
- in-vitro, Nor, PC12
*GSH↑, *NQO1↑, *Trx↑, *TrxR↑, *NRF2↑, *NRF2⇅, *eff↑, *BioAv↑, *ROS↓,

Showing Research Papers: 301 to 350 of 541
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 541

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↓, 1,   CYP1A1↑, 1,   CYP2E1↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   GPx↓, 2,   GSH?, 1,   GSH↓, 36,   GSH↑, 1,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSSG↓, 1,   GSSG↑, 2,   GSTA1↓, 1,   GSTP1/GSTπ↓, 2,   GSTs↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 3,   HO-1↑, 2,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   NOX4↑, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   Nrf1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   Prx4↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 33,   ROS⇅, 1,   SIRT3↓, 1,   SOD↑, 2,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   Trx↓, 2,   TrxR↓, 5,   TrxR1?, 1,   TrxR1↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   EGF↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 2,   MMP↓, 5,   mtDam↑, 2,   OCR↓, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 4,   CYP3A4↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 3,   HK2↓, 2,   PPARγ↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 6,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 10,   BAD↑, 2,   Bak↑, 2,   BAX↑, 7,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 9,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   cl‑Casp3∅, 1,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 3,   Casp9↑, 5,   Chk2↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   DR4↑, 1,   Fas↑, 2,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   JNK↑, 3,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 3,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   MDM2↓, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p38↑, 3,   PUMA↑, 1,   survivin↓, 3,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TumCD↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 3,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 5,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↝, 1,   pRB↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 6,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 5,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 5,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   PERK↑, 1,   UPR↑, 2,   XBP-1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

ATM↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 5,   P53↑, 7,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 3,   cl‑PARP∅, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 4,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   P21↑, 5,   RB1↓, 1,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 13,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ALDH↓, 2,   CD133↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   cFos↓, 1,   cMET↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 2,   EMT↓, 7,   ERK↓, 4,   FOXM1↓, 1,   p‑FOXO3↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC2↓, 1,   HDAC3↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 5,   Nanog↓, 2,   OCT4↓, 2,   PI3K↓, 3,   PTEN↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 2,   STAT↓, 1,   STAT1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 5,   STAT6↓, 1,   TOP2↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 7,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   AP-1↓, 2,   Ca+2↑, 1,   CLDN1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   F-actin↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 1,   ITGB6↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 6,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 5,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   proline↓, 1,   Slug↓, 3,   Snail↓, 1,   SOX4↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 6,   TumCMig↓, 5,   TumCP↓, 11,   TumMeta↓, 6,   Twist↓, 2,   Vim↓, 2,   Zeb1↓, 2,   ZO-1↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 6,   ATF4↑, 1,   ATF4↝, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   Hif1a↓, 3,   NO↓, 1,   NO↑, 3,   VEGF↓, 5,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

P-gp↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   CXCR4↓, 1,   ICAM-1↓, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IKKα↑, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 3,   JAK1↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 7,   NF-kB↑, 1,   p65↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   CDK6↓, 4,   ER(estro)↓, 1,   ERα/ESR1↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ABC↓, 1,   BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 2,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 8,   CYP1A2↑, 1,   CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose⇅, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↓, 9,   eff↑, 12,   Half-Life?, 1,   Half-Life↝, 2,   Half-Life∅, 1,   MDR1↓, 1,   MRP1/ABCC1↓, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 4,   selectivity↑, 16,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   ERα/ESR1↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 3,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   OS↑, 4,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity↑, 1,   TumW↓, 2,  
Total Targets: 241

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

AntiArt↑, 1,  

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 7,   Catalase↓, 1,   Catalase↑, 7,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx↑, 4,   GPx1↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 14,   GSR↓, 1,   GSSG∅, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HDL↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 3,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↓, 7,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 6,   NRF2⇅, 1,   Prx↑, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↓, 12,   ROS↑, 1,   ROS⇅, 1,   ROS∅, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 7,   SOD1↑, 2,   SOD2↑, 1,   TBARS↑, 1,   Trx↑, 1,   TrxR↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

mtDam↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AMPK↑, 1,   LDL↓, 2,   PPARγ↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↝, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

P21↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 2,   HDAC↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   COL3A1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 1,   Fibronectin↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 4,   Smad7↑, 1,   TGF-β↓, 3,   VCAM-1↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 4,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↑, 1,   LOX1↓, 1,   NO↓, 3,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2↓, 3,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL10↑, 1,   IL17↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 6,   IL23↓, 1,   IL4↑, 1,   IL5↓, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   IL8↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 7,   Inflam↑, 1,   MCP1↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 7,   p65↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 3,   TNF-α↓, 5,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↑, 1,   AChE↓, 3,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 6,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 3,   Half-Life↝, 1,   P450↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   NOS2↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiDiabetic↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 5,   memory↑, 1,   motorD↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 4,   Pain↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 2,   toxicity∅, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiViral↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 1,   Sepsis↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 122

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: GSH, Glutathione
32 Thymoquinone
28 Curcumin
21 Silver-NanoParticles
21 Quercetin
20 Piperlongumine
19 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
18 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
17 Shikonin
13 Radiotherapy/Radiation
13 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
12 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
11 Resveratrol
11 Sulfasalazine
11 Selenite (Sodium)
10 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
10 Artemisinin
10 Boron
10 Chrysin
10 Rosmarinic acid
9 Selenium
9 Lycopene
8 Chemotherapy
8 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
8 Luteolin
7 Cisplatin
7 3-bromopyruvate
7 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
7 Juglone
7 Propolis -bee glue
7 Selenium NanoParticles
6 Betulinic acid
6 Carvone
6 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
6 Eugenol
6 Propyl gallate
5 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
5 Melatonin
5 Baicalein
5 erastin
5 Carvacrol
5 Chlorogenic acid
5 D-limonene
5 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
4 Berberine
4 Carnosic acid
4 Crocetin
4 Honokiol
4 Magnetic Fields
4 Parthenolide
3 2-DeoxyGlucose
3 Auranofin
3 chitosan
3 Cysteamine
3 Emodin
3 doxorubicin
3 Piperine
3 Pterostilbene
3 Rutin
3 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
3 Turmerones
2 Anethole/trans-Anethole
2 Ascorbyl Palmitate
2 Beta-Caryophyllene
2 Bromelain
2 brusatol
2 α-Bisabolol / Chamomile oil
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
2 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
2 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
2 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
2 Chocolate
2 Cichoric acid / Chicoric acid
2 Date Fruit Extract
2 Docetaxel
2 Dandelion Root
2 Ellagic acid
2 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
2 Ferulic acid
2 Fisetin
2 Geraniol
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Magnetic Field Rotating
2 Methylsulfonylmethane
2 salinomycin
1 1,8-Cineole
1 cetuximab
1 Anthocyanins
1 Astragalus
1 Photodynamic Therapy
1 Camptothecin
1 Glucose
1 Ajoene (compound of Garlic)
1 Acetyl-l-carnitine
1 Andrographis
1 Aloe anthraquinones
1 Baicalin
1 Ras-selective lethal 3
1 Boswellia (frankincense)
1 Butyrate
1 Caffeic acid
1 Capsaicin
1 Cat’s Claw
1 chemodynamic therapy
1 Chlorophyllin
1 Zinc
1 Cinnamon
1 Citric Acid
1 Coenzyme Q10
1 Carica papaya leaf extract
1 Black phosphorus
1 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
1 Cucurbitacin
1 Galantamine
1 Exercise
1 Shilajit/Fulvic Acid
1 Gallic acid
1 Garcinol
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Ginger/6-Shogaol/Gingerol
1 γ-linolenic acid (Borage Oil)
1 Hydrogen Gas
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Hyperthermia
1 Metformin
1 Moringa oleifera
1 Mushroom Lion’s Mane
1 Myricetin
1 N-Acetyl-Cysteine
1 Naringin
1 Nimbolide
1 Oleuropein
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 Plumbagin
1 Orlistat
1 Scoulerine
1 polyethylene glycol
1 Anti-oxidants
1 Sesame seeds and Oil
1 Shankhpushpi
1 Squalene
1 Glutathione
1 Taurine
1 methotrexate
1 Ursolic acid
1 Urolithin
1 Vitamin B12
1 Folic Acid, Vit B9
1 VitK3,menadione
1 immunotherapy
1 Vitamin K2
1 probiotics
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:137  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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