H2, Hydrogen Gas: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Hydrogen Gas, Powerful Antioxidant

1.Antioxidant and Nrf2/ARE Pathway: activate Nrf2, which induces antioxidant enzymes.
2.NF-κB Pathway: reported to inhibit NF-κB activation, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production
3.Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway
4.MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) Pathway
5.PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
6.Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling: Reducing cytokines (such as IL-6, TNF-α)
7.p53 Pathway
8.Autophagy Pathways: might regulate autophagy, (dual roles in cancer)

Example unit sometimes used in studies
Example Canadian Supplier

Hydrogen gas can be generated in small amount by hydrogenase of certain members of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota from unabsorbed carbohydrates in the intestine through degradation and metabolism, which then is partially diffused into blood flow and released and detected in exhaled breath, indicating its potential to serve as a biomarker.

Many studies have shown that H2 therapy can reduce oxidative stress. This, however, contradicts radiation therapy and chemotherapy, in which ROS are required to induce apoptosis and combat cancer. Yet many studies show chemoprotective and radioprotective and some even show chemosentizing
Nevertheless there are some papers claiming ROS ↑ for cancer cells
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2517- H2,    Molecular Hydrogen Enhances Proliferation of Cancer Cells That Exhibit Potent Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response
- in-vitro, Var, A549 - in-vitro, NA, HCT116 - in-vitro, NA, HeLa - in-vitro, NA, HepG2 - in-vitro, NA, HT1080 - in-vitro, NA, PC3 - in-vitro, NA, SH-SY5Y
TumCP↓, the proliferation of four cell lines (A549, HeLa, HT1080, and PC3 cells) was increased 1.16–1.27-fold by 5% hydrogen gas, and 1.30–1.41-fold by 10% hydrogen
other↝, responders have higher mitochondrial mass, higher mitochondrial superoxide, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, and higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than the non-responders.
eff↝, Effects of Hydrogen on Cell Proliferation Are Independent of Concentrations of Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
mt-UPR↑, hydrogen induces mtUPR as evidenced by upregulation of mtUPR-related molecules (ATF5, p-eIf2α, and HSP60) in the responders

3152- H2,  VitC,  Rad,    Hydrogen and Vitamin C Combination Therapy: A Novel Method of Radioprotection
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs - in-vivo, NA, NA
AntiTum↑, Hydrogen also has direct and indirect antitumor effects, which could be useful for the treatment of cancer patients. Hydrogen therapy improves overall survival, quality of life, blood parameters, and tumor reduction.
OS↑,
QoL↑,
TumVol↓,
radioP↑, In addition, hydrogen attenuates the risk of carcinogenesis induced by radiation.
Dose↑, Patients begin hydrogen inhalation 10 minutes prior to vitamin C injection. Patients are treated with high-dose vitamin C injection while inhaling simultaneous hydrogen
Dose↝, patients also performed the hydrogen and vitamin C combination therapy at home on their own as much as possible
eff↑, These results suggest that in normal cells, the combination of 1 mM vitamin C and hydrogen is the most effective radioprotective agent.

2530- H2,    Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases
- Case Report, PSA, NA
eff↑, psoriatic skin lesions almost disappeared at the end of the treatment.
Dose↝, Three methods were used to administer H2: Drop infusion of saline containing 1 ppm H2 (H2-saline), inhalation of 3% H2 gas, and drinking of water containing a high concentration (5-7-ppm) of H2 (high-H2 water).
eff↑, The patient then inhaled 3% H 2 gas for five days, after which PASI score as well as the pain VAS and itch VAS were decreased.
IL6↓, In particular, IL-6 was reduced by 92% (from 3.64 to 0.3 pg/ml)
eff↑, Patient #2: After a one week washout period, the patient inhaled H 2 gas foranother five days, after which all symptoms were improved. IL-6 showed the highest reduction (by 90% as compared with the baseline value).

2529- H2,    Guidelines for the selection of hydrogen gas inhalers based on hydrogen explosion accidents
- Analysis, Nor, NA
other↑, Most commercially available hydrogen gas inhalers emit hydrogen that is generated by the electrolysis of water directly through the inhalation port, which poses a risk of explosion
eff↝, Generated hydrogen should be diluted with air or another dilution gas in order to ensure that the concentration is below the lower explosive limit.
eff↝, Hydrogen gas inhalers of the direct dilution type do not allow an explosive concentration of hydrogen to accumulate or flow inside them, and thus ensure safety.
other↝, 1. inhaler must dilute hydrogen immediately at the source (using a fan)
other↝, 2. concentration of the H2 must be below 10% at this point
other↝, 3. inhaler must have an indicator for the hydrogen concentration in %
other↝, 4. must have a safetly device to stop production, when concentration is too high
other↝, 5. water used must be purified water!

2528- H2,    Local generation of hydrogen for enhanced photothermal therapy
- in-vitro, Var, NA
eff↑, release of bio-reductive hydrogen as well as generation of heat. This hydrogenothermal approach has presented a cancer-selective strategy for synergistic cancer treatment
ROS↓, PdH0.2 nanocrystals immediately caused remarkable decrease of the intracellular ROS level in both cancer and normal cell models in a concentration-dependent way
selectivity↑, Cancer cells were more sensitive to PdH0.2 nanocrystals than normal cells, possibly owing to the higher initial ROS level in cancer cells.
ROS↑, Owing to the relatively higher ROS level in cancer cells, the initial ROS loss in cancer cells was higher and the subsequent ROS rebound was also intenser/higher than that in normal cells.
other↝, The highly overexpressed ROS in cancer cells was hardly eliminated to the normal level, leading to the oxidative stress remarkably . see figure 3
ROS↑, The damage to the mitochondria of cancer cells was possibly attributed to the increase of intracellular ROS level (Fig. 3c).

2527- H2,    The healing effect of hydrogen-rich water on acute radiation-induced skin injury in rats
- in-vivo, Wounds, NA
*Dose↝, After skin wound formation, rats were individually administrated with distilled water, HRW (1.0 ppm) or HRW (2.0 ppm).
*SOD↑, SOD activity in the two HRW-treated groups was higher
*EGF↑, The EGF level was also significantly increased at the end of the 1st and 2nd weeks
*antiOx↑, HRW accelerates wound healing of radiation-induced skin lesions through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect
*Inflam↓,
*Dose↝, Compared with the HRW (1.0 ppm) group, the healing rate was higher and the healing time was reduced in the HRW (2.0 ppm)

2526- H2,    Influence of hydrogen-occluding-silica on migration and apoptosis in human esophageal cells in vitro
- in-vitro, ESCC, KYSE-510
*ROS↓, many studies have shown that hydrogen gas or hydrogen water can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species in the living body
selectivity↑, Apoptosis-inducing effect on KYSE-70 cells was observed in 10, 300, 600, and 1,200 ppm H2-silica, and only 1,200 ppm H2-silica caused a 2.4-fold increase in apoptosis in HEEpiCs (normal cells)
ROS↓, Intracellular levels of superoxide radical tended to decrease with increasing H2-silica concentrations.

2525- H2,    Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuates Cardiac and Hepatic Injury in Doxorubicin Rat Model by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
OS↓, intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich saline (H2 saline) ameliorated the mortality, cardiac dysfunction, and histopathological changes caused by DOX in rats
cardioP↑,
*AST↓, serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), albumin (ALB), tissue reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also attenuated after H2 saline treatment.
ALAT↓,
*ROS↓,
*MDA↓,
*hepatoP↑, H2 saline treatment could inhibit cardiac and hepatic inflammation
*Inflam↓,
chemoP↑, protective effect of H2 saline on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.

2524- H2,    Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on liver function of colorectal cancer patients treated with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy
- Trial, NA, NA
hepatoP↑, protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on the liver function of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy.
ALAT↓, The hydrogen-rich water group exhibited no significant differences in liver function before and after treatment, whereas the placebo group exhibited significantly elevated levels of ALT, AST and IBIL
AST↓,
Dose↝, Hydrogen-rich water was prepared by increasing the hydrogen pressure in the solution (7). First, the partial air pressure in the water was reduced using a 1406 type vacuum pump
Dose↝, started drinking hydrogen-rich water 1 day prior to chemotherapy until the end of the cycle, for a total of 4 days, with a daily intake of 1,000 ml in 4 doses (250 ml each). Hydrogen-rich water was consumed 0.5 h after a meal and before bedtime.

2523- H2,    Prospects of molecular hydrogen in cancer prevention and treatment
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↓, previous studies have shown that H2 can selectively scavenge highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit various ROS-dependent signaling pathways in cancer cells, thus inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
TumCP↓,
TumMeta↓,
AntiTum↑, Anti-tumor barrier: H2 produced by intestinal flora
GutMicro↑, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation significantly inhibited the expansion of opportunistic pathogenic E. coli and increased intestinal integrity in mice with colitis
Inflam↓, H2 maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier, reduces intestinal inflammation and damage in rat
OS↑, inhalation of H2 for 3 h daily significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in stage IV colon and rectal patients
radioP↑, administration of inhaled H2 during radiotherapy treatment reduced the damage to the hematological and immune systems
selectivity↑, Through these studies, we believe that the ability of H2 to selectively scavenge highly toxic ROS may be the core and fundamental mechanism of its anti-tumor effects, so this paper mainly focuses on this point of discussion.
SOD↑, H2 inhibited ROS expression and increased SOD, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in lung tissue of cancer
IL1β↑,
IL8↑,
TNF-α↑,
neuroP↑, Ono et al. found that 3% H2 inhaled twice daily for 1 h significantly improved vital signs, stroke scale scores, physiotherapy index, and 2-week brain MRI in stroke patients compared with conventional treatment.

2522- H2,    A Systematic Review of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Cancer Management
- Review, Var, NA
chemoP↑, H2 plays a promising therapeutic role as an independent therapy as well as an adjuvant in combination therapy, resulting in an overall improvement in survivability, quality of life, blood parameters, and tumour reduction.
OS↑,
QoL↑,
TumVol↑,
ROS↑, Hydrogen, the lightest element on the earth, is an effective antioxidant that has been shown to selectively reduce harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues
AntiTum↑, Although H2 has demonstrated significant anti-tumoural effects, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.
other↝, Many studies have shown that H2 therapy can reduce oxidative stress. This, however, contradicts radiation therapy and chemotherapy, in which ROS are required to induce apoptosis and combat cancer.

2521- H2,    Oxyhydrogen Gas: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Lung, Breast and Colorectal Cancer
- Review, CRC, NA - Review, Lung, NA - Review, BC, NA
Inflam↑, Oxyhydrogen gas, a mixture of 66% molecular hydrogen (H2) and 33% molecular oxygen (O2) has shown exceptional promise as a novel therapeutic agent due to its ability to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
ROS↓, neutralises reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
ChemoSen↑, enhancing existing treatments and reducing harmful oxidative states in cancer cells. boosting the effectiveness of conventional therapies
p‑PI3K↓, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt phosphorylation cascade.
p‑Akt↓,
QoL↑, Similar results have been observed in breast cancer, where patients reported improved quality of life.
GutMicro↑, improves intestinal microflora dysbiosis.
chemoP↑, reduced oxidative stress and mitigated tissue damage, suggesting its potential as a cytoprotective agent in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy
radioP↑,
*NRF2↑, documented role in activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.
*Catalase↑, consequently, hydrogen can enhance the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), haem oxygenase (e.g., HO-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [45]
*GPx↑,
*HO-1↑,
*SOD↑,
*TNF-α↓, reducing the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as chemokines (e.g., CXCL15), cytokines (e.g., TNF-α), interleukins (e.g., IL-4, IL-6)
*IL4↓,
*IL6↓,
ChemoSen↑, further research demonstrates that oxyhydrogen gas enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs, suggesting its potential as an adjuvant therapy
Appetite↑, inhaled oxyhydrogen gas over a minimum of 3 months. The results indicated substantial improvements in appetite, cognition, fatigue, pain, and sleeplessness
cognitive↑,
Pain↓,
Sleep↑,
other?, It is recommended that hydrogen should not exceed 4.6% in air or 4.1% by volume in pure oxygen gas (explosion risk)

2520- H2,    The Impact of Molecular Hydrogen on Mitochondrial ROS and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, CRC, NA
mt-ROS↓, hydrogen-rich medium, we found a significant mitochondrial ROS decrease (∼40%), especially in the aldolase B over-expressed CRC
ChemoSen↑, hydrogen can synergize the apoptotic response of chemotherapy (∼20% improvement).
other↝, However, the decreasing mtROS signal and increasing apoptosis seems to be controversial with our current understanding, and further study in more detail is required to explore the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial function and related signaling

2519- H2,    Hydrogen: an advanced and safest gas option for cancer treatment
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, H2 has remarkable antioxidant and neuroprotective effects and other advantages
neuroP↓,
BBB↑, swift penetration ability to cross the blood–brain barrier
toxicity∅, H2 inhalation therapy has also been proposed in several countries as the safest mode of H2 administration
TumCP↓, A HeLa xenograft mouse model showed that H2 inhalation may increase the apoptosis rate, proliferation, and oxidative stress in HeLa cells
Apoptosis↓,
ROS↑,
Hif1a↓, H2 may affect tumor growth by regulating the expression of overexpressed subunits of transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and the nuclear factor-κB p65 subunit
NF-kB↓,
P53?, Hydrogen also increases the expression level of p53 tumor suppressor proteins.
OS↑, This study revealed that hydrogen gas inhalation 3 h/d can improve the prognosis and overall survival of stage IV colorectal carcinoma patients by decreasing the number of programmed cell death 1/CD8+ T cells
chemoP↑, H 2 anticancer therapy can minimize the debilitating side effects of conventional anticancer therapies by improving survival, quality of life, and blood parameters.

2518- H2,    Hydrogen Therapy Reverses Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Phenotypes and Remodels Stromal Microenvironment to Stimulate Systematic Anti-Tumor Immunity
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
TumCD↑, CaCO3 can not only directly kill tumor cells
CD4+↑, augment immune activities of CD4+ T cells
ROS↓, results indicated that hydrogen therapy by Mg-CaCO3 could decrease MMP and alleviate ROS within CAFs

2503- H2,    Brain Metastases Completely Disappear in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Hydrogen Gas Inhalation: A Case Report
- Case Report, Lung, NA
TumVol↓, Hydrogen-gas monotherapy was started to control the tumor a month later. After 4 months, the size of multiple brain tumors was reduced significantly
OS↑, After 1 year, all brain tumors had disappeared, and there were no significant changes in metastases in the liver and lung.
Dose↝, The hydrogen oxygen nebulizer (AMS-H-03, Asclepius Meditec, Shanghai, China) generates 3 L/min hydrogen gas by hydrocephalus electrolysis. As measured by gas chromatography, the gas generated consisted of 67% hydrogen and 33% oxygen.
Dose↝, Using a special mask, the patient continued to inhale hydrogen for 3–6 hrs a day at rest, with no interruption even after the obvious relief of symptoms.
CEA↓, dropped from 29.44 to 12 ng/mL in 12 months (figure 3)
CA125↓, dropped from 150 to 60 u/mL (figure 3)
CYFRA21-1↓, dropped from 12 to 6 ng/mL (figure 3)
SIRT1↓, several scholars have demonstrated that hydrogen can suppress SIRT1 signaling in different model
COX2↓, hydrogen exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing cyclooxygenase-2 activity25 or activating expression of anti-apoptotic protein kinase B.
IL1β↓, Hydrogen inhalation can down-regulate the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and prosta
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
HMGB1↓,
NF-kB↓,
EP2↓, and prostaglandin-E2

2516- H2,    Hydrogen Gas in Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*Half-Life↓, Except the thigh muscle required a longer time to saturate, the other organs need 5–10 min to reach Cmax (maximum hydrogen concentration).
*ROS↓, regulate several key players in cancer, including ROS, and certain antioxidant enzymes
*selectivity↑, hydrogen gas could selectively scavenge the most cytotoxic ROS, •OH, as tested in an acute rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
*SOD↑, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (48), heme oxyganase-1 (HO-1) (49), as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (50), increased significantly, strengthening its potential in eliminating ROS.
*HO-1↑,
*NRF2↑,
*chemoP↑, reduce the adverse effects in cancer treatment while at the same time doesn't abrogate the cytotoxicity of other therapy, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy
*radioP↑,
ROS↑, Interestingly, due the over-produced ROS in cancer cells (38), the administration of hydrogen gas may lower the ROS level at the beginning, but it provokes much more ROS production as a result of compensation effect, leading to the killing of cancer
*Inflam↓, By regulating inflammation, hydrogen gas can prevent tumor formation, progression, as well as reduce the side effects caused by chemotherapy/radiotherapy
eff↑, More importantly, hydrogen-rich water didn't impair the overall anti-tumor effects of gefitinib both in vitro and in vivo, while in contrast, it antagonized the weight loss induced by gefitinib and naphthalene, and enhanced the overall survival rate
*TNF-α↓, hydrogen-rich saline treatment exerted its protective effects via inhibiting the inflammatory TNF-α/IL-6 pathway, increasing the cleaved C8 expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and attenuating cell apoptosis in both heart and liver tissue
*IL6↓,
*cl‑Casp8↑,
*Bax:Bcl2↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*cardioP↑,
*hepatoP↑,
*RenoP↑, Hydrogen-rich water also showed renal protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
*chemoP↑, nother study showed that both inhaling hydrogen gas (1% hydrogen in air) and drinking hydrogen-rich water (0.8 mM hydrogen in water) could reverse the mortality, and body-weight loss caused by cisplatin via its anti-oxidant property
eff↝, More importantly, hydrogen didn't impair the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin against cancer cell lines in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice
chemoP↑, hydrogen-rich water combinational treatment group exhibited no differences in liver function during the treatment, probably due to its antioxidant activity, indicating it a promising protective agent to alleviate the mFOLFOX6-related liver injury
radioP↑, consumption of hydrogen-rich water reduced the radiation-induced oxidative stress while at the same time didn't compromise anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy
eff↑, Hydrogen Gas Acts Synergistically With Thermal Therapy
TumCG↓, in vivo study showed that under hydrogen gas treatment, tumor growth was significantly inhibited, as well as the expression of Ki-67, VEGF and SMC3
Ki-67↓,
VEGF↓,
selectivity↑, H2-silica could concentration-dependently inhibit the cell viability of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-70) cells, while it need higher dose to suppress normal human esophageal epithelial cells (HEEpiCs), indicating its selective profi

2515- H2,    Recent Advances in Studies of Molecular Hydrogen against Sepsis
- Review, Sepsis, NA
*Sepsis↓, Molecular hydrogen exerts multiple biological effects involving anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-shock, and autophagy regulation, which may attenuate the organ and barrier damage caused by sepsis.
*Inflam↓,
*antiOx↑,
*ROS↓, Studies have demonstrated that HRS reduces ROS production and attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity in rat cardiomyocytes
*NADPH↓,

2514- H2,    Hydrogen: A Novel Option in Human Disease Treatment
- Review, NA, NA
*Inflam↓, Anti-Inflammatory Effect of H2
*IL1β↓, decrease the overexpression of early proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α
*IL6↓,
*IL8↓,
*IL10↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*ROS↓, . H2 can also downregulate ROS directly or as a regulator of a gas-mediated signal.
*HO-1↓, H2 can enhance the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) antioxidant by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), an upstream regulating molecule of HO-1
*NRF2↑,
*ER Stress↓, hydrogen inhalation significantly reduced the ER stress-related protein and alleviated tissue damage in myocardial I/R injury a
H2O2↑, H2-induced ROS production can also be observed in cancer cells.

2513- H2,    Hydrogen therapy: from mechanism to cerebral diseases
- Review, Stroke, NA
*BBB?, blood-brain barrier, penetrability
*antiOx↑, therefore concluded that this selective antioxidant effect is the basis of H2 therapy for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
*Inflam↓, H2 can decrease both the amount of inflammatory cytokines and immunocyte stimulation
*Apoptosis↓, Research showed that the apoptosis of neurons in newborn rats induced by hypoxia and ischemia is inhibited if inhaling H2,
*NF-kB↓, demonstrated the inhibition of NF-κB with the introduction of H2
*Dose↝, Furthermore, there are many methods for ingestion of H2, such as oral intake of H2 water, intravenous drip of H2 -rich saline, and inhalation of air containing 2–4% H2 gas

2512- H2,    Hydrogen Attenuates Allergic Inflammation by Reversing Energy Metabolic Pathway Switch
- in-vivo, asthmatic, NA
selectivity↑, we treated mice with HRS for 7 days. HRS had no effects on OXPHOS and glycolytic activities in control mice
lactateProd↓, but prevented the elevation in lactate and reduction in ATP production in lungs of OVA-sensitized and challenged mice
ATP↑,
HK2↓, Consistently, HRS attenuated the increase in HK and PFK activities
PFK↓,
Hif1a↓, OVA sensitization and challenge increased HIF-1α nuclear translocation (stimulated HIF-1α activity), which was inhibited by HRS treatment
PGC-1α↑, By contrast, OVA sensitization and challenge downregulated PGC-1α protein expression, and HRS treatment reversed this downregulation
Glycolysis↓, H2 reverses energy metabolic switch by inhibiting glycolytic enzyme activities and by stimulating mitochondrial OXPHOS enzyme activities
OXPHOS↑,
Dose↝, HRS was prepared by dipping a plastic-shelled stick consisting of metallic magnesium (99.9% pure) and natural stones (Doctor SUISOSUI, Friendear Inc., Tokyo, Japan) into sterilized saline.

2511- H2,    Molecular hydrogen suppresses glioblastoma growth via inducing the glioma stem-like cell differentiation
- in-vivo, GBM, U87MG
TumCG↓, hydrogen inhalation could effectively suppress GBM tumor growth and prolong the survival of mice with GBM
OS↑,
CD133↓, hydrogen treatment markedly downregulated the expression of markers involved in stemness (CD133, Nestin), proliferation (ki67), and angiogenesis (CD34) and also upregulated GFAP expression, a marker of differentiation.
Ki-67↓,
angioG↓,
Diff↑, pregulated GFAP expression, a marker of differentiation
TumCMig↓, Moreover, hydrogen treatment also suppressed the migration, invasion
TumCI↓,
Dose↝, AMS-H-3 hydrogen-oxygen nebulizer machine (Asclepius Meditec Inc., Shanghai, China), which produces 67% H2 and 33% O. inhaled the mixed air for 1 h two times per day
BBB↑, hydrogen gas can easily cross the BBB.
mt-ROS↑, Intriguingly, molecular hydrogen has also been reported to act as a mitohormetic effector by mildly inducing mitochondrial superoxide production [28]. Perhaps hydrogen-induced ROS promoted the differentiation and downregulation of stemness in GSCs.

2510- H2,    Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals
- in-vivo, Stroke, NA
*ROS↓, The inhalation of H(2) gas markedly suppressed brain injury by buffering the effects of oxidative stress.
*antiOx↑, Thus H(2) can be used as an effective antioxidant therapy; owing to its ability to rapidly diffuse across membranes, it can reach and react with cytotoxic ROS and thus protect against oxidative damage.

2509- H2,    Hydrogen inhibits endometrial cancer growth via a ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptotic pathway
- in-vitro, Endo, AN3CA - in-vivo, Endo, NA
selectivity↑, Hydrogen exerts a biphasic effect on cancer by promoting tumor cell death and protecting normal cells, which might initiate GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis.
mt-ROS↑, We therefore concluded that molecular hydrogen activated ROS and mtROS generation in endometrial cancer cells.
ROS↑,
TumW↓,
GSDMD↑, ability of hydrogen to stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome/GSDMD activation in pyroptosis
Pyro↑,
Dose↝, Hydrogenated water was produced by H2 dissolved in water saturantly under 0.4 MPa pressure for 6 h with a concentration of 1.0 ppm produced by hydrogen water apparatus
eff↓, In contrast, NAC decreased ROS levels in hydrogen-treated endometrial cancer cells
TumVol↓, We demonstrated that drinking hydrogen-rich water reduced the volume of endometrial tumors in a xenograft mouse model.

2508- H2,    Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Sepsis, NA
*ROS↓, inhalation of 2% molecular hydrogen results in the selective scavenging of hydroxyl free radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), significantly improving oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)
eff↝, Molecular hydrogen can exert biological effects on almost all organs, including the brain, heart, lung, liver, and pancreas.
*Inflam?, including roles in the regulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects
*NRF2↑, By stimulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the basal and induces expression of many antioxidant enzymes
*HO-1↑, hydrogen can increase the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)
*SOD↑, increases the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and myeloperoxidase (MPO)
*Catalase↑,
*MPO↑,
*ASK1↓, Molecular hydrogen can block the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway
*NADPH↓, thereby inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and decreasing free radical production
*Sepsis↓, Emerging evidence suggests that hydrogen can prevent sepsis, providing a novel treatment strategy for sepsis-induced ALI.
*HMGB1↓, Hydrogen attenuates tissue injury and dysfunction by inhibiting HMGB-1.
ROS↑, it has been shown that hydrogen pretreatment enhances ROS and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, stimulates NLRP3 inflammasome/gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation, and inhibits endometrial cancer
NLRP3↑,
GSDMD↑,
chemoP↑, Hydrogen can alleviate the side effects of conventional anti-cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and improve quality of life
eff↑, It significantly improves the physical status of patients, reduces fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, and pain, and decreases elevated tumor markers.

2507- H2,    Hydrogen protects against chronic intermittent hypoxia induced renal dysfunction by promoting autophagy and alleviating apoptosis
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*RenoP↑, We demonstrated that rats who inhale hydrogen gas showed improved renal function, alleviated pathological damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis in CIH rats.
*ROS↓,
*Apoptosis↓,
*ER Stress↓, endoplasmic reticulum stress was decreased by H2 as the expressions of CHOP, caspase-12, and GRP78 were down-regulated
*CHOP↓,
*Casp12↓,
*GRP78/BiP↓,
*LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, higher levels of LC3-II/I ratio and Beclin-1, with decreased expression of p62, were found after H2 administrated.
*Beclin-1↑,
*p62↓,
*mTOR↓, Inhibition of mTOR may be involved in the upregulation of autophagy by H2

2506- H2,    Molecular hydrogen suppresses activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- in-vivo, Arthritis, NA
*Wnt↓, H2 suppresses activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting phosphorylation and degradation οf β-catenin.
*β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
*Dose↝, Oral intake of H2 water tended to ameliorate cartilage degradation in a surgery-induced rat osteoarthritis model through attenuating β-catenin accumulation.

2505- H2,    Hydrogen gas restores exhausted CD8+ T cells in patients with advanced colorectal cancer to improve prognosis
- Trial, CRC, NA
PGC-1α↑, hydrogen gas was recently reported to activate PGC‑1α,
Dose↝, hydrogen gas for 3 h/day at their own homes and received chemotherapy
CD8+↑, Notably, hydrogen gas decreased the abundance of exhausted terminal PD‑1+ CD8+ T cells, increased that of active terminal PD‑1‑ CD8+ T cells, and improved PFS and OS times,
OS↑,

2504- H2,    Hydrogen gas activates coenzyme Q10 to restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, especially PD-1+Tim3+terminal CD8+ T cells, leading to better nivolumab outcomes in patients with lung cancer
- Trial, Lung, NA
CD8+↑, As previously reported, hydrogen gas improves the prognosis of patients with cancer by restoring exhausted CD8+ T cells into active CD8+ T cells
OS↑, Median survival time (MST) for the HGN-treated patients was 28 months, a length that is approximately 3-fold longer than that for NO-treated patients (MST 9 months)
eff↝, (PDT+ ratio and CoQ10 ratio, respectively) revealed that patients with low PDT+ ratio (<0.81) and high CoQ10 ratio (>1.175) had significantly longer OS compared with those with high PDT+ ratio and low CoQ10 ratio
CoQ10↑, Hydrogen gas has been suggested to enhance the clinical efficacy of nivolumab by increasing CoQ10 (mitochondria) to reduce PDT+, with PDT+ and CoQ10 as reliable negative and positive biomarkers of nivolumab, respectively.
PDT+↓,
PGC-1α↑, As hydrogen gas is reported to activate PGC1-α (14), it is also one of the mitochondrial activation mediators.
Dose↝, Patients were continuously treated with nivolumab (1 mg/kg) every 2 weeks. Patients also inhaled hydrogen gas 3 h daily at their home through a cannula or mask that they rented or purchased and connected to a Hycellvator ET 100
*toxicity∅, Recently, hydrogen gas inhalation was used in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome, and adverse events were not observed


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 29

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
p‑Akt↓,1,   ALAT↓,2,   angioG↓,1,   antiOx↑,1,   AntiTum↑,3,   Apoptosis↓,1,   Appetite↑,1,   AST↓,1,   ATP↑,1,   BBB↑,2,   CA125↓,1,   cardioP↑,1,   CD133↓,1,   CD4+↑,1,   CD8+↑,2,   CEA↓,1,   chemoP↑,6,   ChemoSen↑,3,   cognitive↑,1,   CoQ10↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   CYFRA21-1↓,1,   Diff↑,1,   Dose↑,1,   Dose↝,11,   eff↓,1,   eff↑,8,   eff↝,6,   EP2↓,1,   Glycolysis↓,1,   GSDMD↑,2,   GutMicro↑,2,   H2O2↑,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   Hif1a↓,2,   HK2↓,1,   HMGB1↓,1,   IL1β↓,1,   IL1β↑,1,   IL6↓,2,   IL8↑,1,   Inflam↓,1,   Inflam↑,1,   Ki-67↓,2,   lactateProd↓,1,   neuroP↓,1,   neuroP↑,1,   NF-kB↓,2,   NLRP3↑,1,   OS↓,1,   OS↑,8,   other?,1,   other↑,1,   other↝,9,   OXPHOS↑,1,   P53?,1,   Pain↓,1,   PDT+↓,1,   PFK↓,1,   PGC-1α↑,3,   p‑PI3K↓,1,   Pyro↑,1,   QoL↑,3,   radioP↑,4,   ROS↓,5,   ROS↑,7,   mt-ROS↓,1,   mt-ROS↑,2,   selectivity↑,6,   SIRT1↓,1,   Sleep↑,1,   SOD↑,1,   TNF-α↓,1,   TNF-α↑,1,   toxicity∅,1,   TumCD↑,1,   TumCG↓,2,   TumCI↓,1,   TumCMig↓,1,   TumCP↓,3,   TumMeta↓,1,   TumVol↓,3,   TumVol↑,1,   TumW↓,1,   mt-UPR↑,1,   VEGF↓,1,  
Total Targets: 86

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
antiOx↑,4,   Apoptosis↓,3,   ASK1↓,1,   AST↓,1,   Bax:Bcl2↓,1,   BBB?,1,   Beclin-1↑,1,   cardioP↑,1,   Casp12↓,1,   cl‑Casp8↑,1,   Catalase↑,2,   chemoP↑,2,   CHOP↓,1,   Dose↝,4,   EGF↑,1,   ER Stress↓,2,   GPx↑,1,   GRP78/BiP↓,1,   Half-Life↓,1,   hepatoP↑,2,   HMGB1↓,1,   HO-1↓,1,   HO-1↑,3,   IL10↓,1,   IL1β↓,1,   IL4↓,1,   IL6↓,3,   IL8↓,1,   Inflam?,1,   Inflam↓,6,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,1,   MDA↓,1,   MPO↑,1,   mTOR↓,1,   NADPH↓,2,   NF-kB↓,1,   NRF2↑,4,   p62↓,1,   radioP↑,1,   RenoP↑,2,   ROS↓,8,   selectivity↑,1,   Sepsis↓,2,   SOD↑,4,   TNF-α↓,3,   toxicity∅,1,   Wnt↓,1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓,1,  
Total Targets: 48

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:295  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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