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| Rotary Magnetic field can be generated by a spinning magnet or magnets. Or it can be implemented with 2 or more coils, power with a phase shift between them (90 deg for 2 coil implementation) (60deg for 3 coil implementation) Targets affected are mostly the same as for Magnet fields Main differences - may enhance the EPR effect allowing targeting of drugs to cancer cells - acts as wireless stirrer, especially on magnetic particles(inducing eddy currents in water media) - research for use in nano surgery, and mechanical destruction of cancer cells - continue to highlight ability to raise ROS in cancer cell and lower ROS in normal cells - RMF may be responsible for Ca2+ distribution to pass across the plasma membrane(differental affected for cancer and normal cells) Pathways: - induce ROS production in cancer cells, while decreasing ROS in normal cells. Ca2+ is critical and the Ca2+ balance is increased in cancer cells while decreased in normal cells (example for wound healing) - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx, - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, ERK↓ - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, ERK↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, Wnt↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - Synergies: < Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells Rotating Magnetic Fields
Time-Scale Flag: TSF = P / R / G P: 0–30 min (physical / electron / radical effects) R: 30 min–3 hr (redox signaling & stress response) G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation)MPTP: opening represents a mitochondrial commitment event integrating ROS and Ca²⁺ stress; sustained opening indicates irreversible bioenergetic failure. |
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| Type: enzymes |
| Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, also known as the Citric Acid cycle or Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that plays a central role in cellular energy production. The TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and involve the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a molecule produced from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The TCA cycle produces: 1. NADH and FADH2 2. ATP 3. GTP Expression of TCA cycle enzymes is often downregulated in cancer cells. Since cancer cells often exhibit rewired metabolism, including alterations in the use of the TCA cycle, researchers are exploring potential therapeutic interventions that target metabolic enzymes or pathways. TCA cycle is essential for normal cellular metabolism, its role in cancer is multifaceted. Cancer cells often reprogram their metabolism—including the TCA cycle—to support rapid growth, adapt to hypoxia, and manage oxidative stress. Mutations in key TCA cycle enzymes generate oncometabolites that further contribute to cancer progression by disrupting normal cellular regulation. Rather than saying the TCA cycle is globally over- or underexpressed in cancer, it is more accurate to say that cancer cells reprogram the cycle—with selective upregulation of parts important for biosynthesis and survival and mutations or downregulation of other parts—to best support their growth and survival in a challenging microenvironment. Oncometabolites -Some metabolites in the Krebs cycle, when accumulated to abnormal levels due to genetic mutations or enzyme deficiencies, are termed “oncometabolites” because they can promote tumorigenesis. -Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) can lead to accumulation of succinate. -Mutations in fumarate hydratase (FH) result in an accumulation of fumarate. -Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 and IDH2) result in a neomorphic enzyme activity that converts α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate: |
| 2259- | MFrot, | MF, | Method and apparatus for oncomagnetic treatment |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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