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| High-dose vitamin C: Some studies have suggested that high-dose vitamin C may be effective in treating certain types of cancer, such as ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer. Symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include fatigue, weakness, poor wound healing, ecchymoses, xerosis, lower extremity edema, and musculoskeletal pain—most of them are often observed in end-stage cancer patients. -Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue, the formation of collagen, and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters. It is required for the functioning of several enzymes and is important for immune system function. -Ascorbic Acid, Different levels in different Organs Homeostasis ranging from about 0.2 mM in the muscle and heart, and up to 10 mM in the brain and adrenal gland. -(Note the Oncomagnetic success in the brain also was then under conditions of high Vitamin C) -Ascorbic acid is an electron donor Ascorbic Acid, can be a Pro-oxidant "The pro-oxidative activity of ascorbic acid (Figure 2) is associated with the interaction with transition metal ions (especially iron and copper). Under conditions of high, millimolar ascorbate concentration, vitamin C catalyzes the reduction of free transition metal ions, which causes the formation of oxygen radicals." Ascorbic Acid, formation of H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) Many studies indicate the toxicity of ascorbate to cancer cells. Much evidence indicates that the underlying phenomenon is the pro-oxidative activity of ascorbate, which induces the formation of H2O2 and oxidative stress. "ascorbate at concentrations achieved only by i.v. administration may be a pro-drug for formation of H(2)O(2)" -High dose VitC therapy may not be for those with kidney problems -Oral supplement up to 10g/day? -Direct regulator of TET↑ -caution for (G6PD-) deficient patients receiving vitamin C infusions -Note plasma half-life 30mins to 1hr, 1.5-2hr elimination half-life. oral BioAv water soluble, but has limitiations as 100mg yeilds 60uM/L in plasma, but 1000mg only yeilds 85uM/L. mM concentration are required for effectiveness on cancer cells. Hence why IV administration is common. Boosting HIF increases the intracellular uptake of oxidized VitC Pathways: - high dose induces ROS production in cancer cells. Otherwise well known antioxidant in normal cells. - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, - Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, TrxR↓**, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓ - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, NF-κB↓, - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : P53↑, TET↑ - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TET1↓, - inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, GRP78↑, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓ - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Hepatoprotective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells |
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| TET1 (Ten-Eleven Translocation 1) is a gene that plays a crucial role in DNA demethylation and epigenetic regulation. -Responsible for cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion. TET1 is a member of the TET family of enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA. This process is essential for maintaining genome stability, regulating gene expression, and preventing tumorigenesis. TET1 is often downregulated or mutated, leading to decreased 5-hmC levels and aberrant DNA methylation patterns. This can result in the silencing of tumor suppressor genes and the activation of oncogenes, contributing to cancer development and progression. -Loss of 5hmC is strongly associated with advanced and higher grade ccRCC. |
| 3117- | VitC, | Vitamin C induces Tet-dependent DNA demethylation and a blastocyst-like state in ES cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | mESC |
| 3107- | VitC, | Repurposing Vitamin C for Cancer Treatment: Focus on Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3104- | VitC, | Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations |
| 3124- | VitC, | Ascorbic acid improves parthenogenetic embryo development through TET proteins in mice |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 598- | VitC, | Ascorbic Acid in Cancer Treatment: Let the Phoenix Fly |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
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