Database Query Results : Apigenin (mainly Parsley), ,

Api, Apigenin (mainly Parsley): Click to Expand ⟱
Features:

Apigenin — a plant-derived flavone (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) abundant in parsley/celery/chamomile and other dietary sources, often abbreviated APG (or “Api” in some indexes). It is a small-molecule polyphenol classified as a dietary phytochemical/nutraceutical candidate with broad pleiotropic signaling effects in oncology models (cell-cycle control, apoptosis, inflammatory signaling, metabolic stress, and invasion/angiogenesis programs), but with important translation constraints driven by low aqueous solubility and extensive phase-II conjugation.

Primary mechanisms (ranked):

  1. Pleiotropic pro-apoptotic / cell-cycle checkpoint engagement (mitochondrial apoptosis, caspases; CDK/cyclin suppression; p53 context-dependent)
  2. PI3K–AKT–MAPK signaling suppression with downstream anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects
  3. Inflammation axis suppression (NF-κB; COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine programs)
  4. Redox stress reprogramming (often ROS↑ in cancer models; antioxidant/NRF2 effects are context-dependent and can diverge between cancer vs normal cells)
  5. HIF-1α–glycolysis downshift with ATP stress (model-dependent)
  6. Anti-invasive / anti-EMT programs (FAK/integrins; MMP/uPA; EMT markers)
  7. Epigenetic modulation (HDAC/DNMT/EZH2 axes; context-dependent)
  8. Anti-angiogenic signaling (VEGF/related programs; model-dependent)
  9. Stemness pathway pressure (Hh/GLI, CK2; model-dependent)
  10. Chemo-/death-ligand sensitization (e.g., TRAIL sensitization reported in preclinical systems)

Bioavailability / PK relevance: Oral apigenin exposure is commonly limited by poor water solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism (glucuronidation/sulfation). Human data indicate circulating apigenin is largely present as conjugated metabolites, and dietary intake can yield only low (typically sub-µM) systemic levels; lipidic/self-emulsifying formulations can increase exposure in vivo (formulation-dependent). Reported half-life/kinetic parameters vary widely across studies and matrices.

In-vitro vs systemic exposure relevance: Many anti-cancer in vitro studies use ~10–50+ µM apigenin, which can exceed typical achievable free aglycone systemic levels after oral intake; some effects may therefore be high-concentration or formulation-enabled rather than diet-achievable. Tissue-local exposure (GI lumen, local mucosa) may be higher than plasma, and conjugate biology may contribute (context-dependent).

Clinical evidence status: Predominantly preclinical oncology evidence (cell and animal models) with limited, non-definitive human cancer interventional data; at least one pilot clinical study concept exists/has been registered (status-dependent). Strongest human evidence base is for non-cancer indications and general bioactivity rather than oncology efficacy.

Apigenin present in parsley, celery, chamomile, oranges and beverages such as tea, beer and wine.
"It exhibits cell growth arrest and apoptosis in different types of tumors such as breast, lung, liver, skin, blood, colon, prostate, pancreatic, cervical, oral, and stomach, by modulating several signaling pathways."
-Note half-life reports vary 2.5-90hrs?.
-low solubility of apigenin in water : BioAv (improves when mixed with oil/dietary fat or lipid based formulations)
-best oil might be MCT oils (medium-chain fatty acids)


Pathways:
- Often considered an antioxidant, in cancer cells it can paradoxically induce ROS production
(one report that goes against most others, by lowering ROS in cancer cells but still effective)
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, UPR↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, GSH↓ (Conflicting evidence about Nrf2)
        - Combined with Metformin (reduces Nrf2) amplifies ROS production in cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, PDK1↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CK2↓, Hh↓, GLi↓, GLi1↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, 1, 2, 3, STAT↓, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓,, α↓,, ERK↓, 5↓, JNK↓,
- Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes)
        -Ex: other flavonoids(chrysin, Luteolin, querectin) curcumin, metformin, sulforaphane, ASA
Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,
- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Apigenin exhibits biological effects (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, etc.) typically at concentrations roughly in the range of 1–50 µM.

Parsley microgreens can contain up to 2-3 times more apigenin than mature parsley.
Apigenin is typically measured in the range of 1-10 μM for biological activity. Assuming a molecular weight of 270 g/mol for apigenin, we can estimate the following μM concentrations:
10uM*5L(blood)*270g/mol=13.5mg apigenin (assumes 100% bioavailability)
then an estimated 10-20 mg of apigenin per 100 g of fresh weight parlsey
2.2mg/g of apigenin fresh parsley
45mg/g of apigenin in dried parsley (wikipedia)
so 100g of parsley might acheive 10uM blood serum level (100% bioavailability)
BUT bioavailability is only 1-5%
(Supplements available in 75mg liposomal)( Apigenin Pro Liposomal, 200 mg from mcsformulas.com)

A study had 2g/kg bw (meaning 160g for 80kg person) delivered a maximum 0.13uM of plasma concentration @ 7.2hrs.
Assuming parsley is 90-95% water, then that would be ~16g of dried parsley
Conclusion: to reach 10uM would seem very difficult by oral ingestion of parsley.
Other quotes:
      “4g of dried parsley will be enough for 50kg adult”
      5mg/kg BW yields 16uM, so 80Kg person means 400mg (if dried parsley is 130mg/g, then would need 3g/d)
In many cancer cell lines, concentrations in the range of approximately 20–40 µM have been reported to shift apigenin’s activity from mild antioxidant effects (or negligible ROS changes) toward a clear pro-oxidant effect with measurable ROS increases.

Low doses: At lower concentrations, apigenin is more likely to exhibit its antioxidant properties, scavenging ROS and protecting cells from oxidative stress.
In normal cells with robust antioxidant systems, apigenin’s antioxidant effects might prevail, whereas cancer cells—often characterized by an already high level of basal ROS—can be pushed over the oxidative threshold by increased ROS production induced by apigenin.
In environments with lower free copper levels, this pro-oxidant activity is less pronounced, and apigenin may tilt the balance toward its antioxidant function.

Apigenin — cancer-relevant mechanistic pathway matrix

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 Mitochondrial apoptosis program ΔΨm ↓, Cyt-c ↑, Caspase cascade ↑, apoptosis ↑ ↔ to protective (model-dependent) R Pro-apoptotic stress commitment Frequently reported core phenotype across tumor models; may be downstream of ROS and kinase-network suppression.
2 Cell-cycle control Cyclin D1/E ↓, CDK2/4/6 ↓, arrest ↑ ↔ G Anti-proliferative checkpointing Often couples to p53/p21 context and growth-factor signaling downshift.
3 PI3K / AKT / MAPK PI3K ↓, AKT ↓, ERK ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ R Growth and survival signaling suppression High industry relevance; provides a convergent explanation for anti-growth and anti-migration phenotypes.
4 NF-κB / COX-2 inflammatory axis NF-κB ↓, COX-2 ↓, inflammatory cytokine programs ↓ Inflammatory tone ↓ G Anti-inflammatory microenvironment pressure Relevant to tumor-promoting inflammation and stromal signaling (context-dependent).
5 ROS modulation ROS ↑ (often), DNA damage ↑, ER stress ↑ (model-dependent) ROS injury ↓ / antioxidant support ↑ (context-dependent) P Redox stress bifurcation (tumor vs normal) Frequently described “paradox”: pro-oxidant stress in tumors while normal cells may show antioxidant protection; not universal.
6 NRF2 / antioxidant defense NRF2 ↓, GSH ↓ (often) ↔ (conflicting) NRF2 ↑, SOD ↑, GSH ↑ (context-dependent) G Antioxidant program reprogramming Direction is context- and model-dependent; important for interpreting chemo-compatibility and ROS claims.
7 HIF-1α / glycolysis HIF-1α ↓, glycolysis ↓, ATP ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ G Metabolic stress / Warburg pressure Reported suppression of glycolysis nodes (e.g., GLUT1/LDHA/HK2/PKM2/PDK1) in some models; may be concentration-sensitive.
8 Migration / invasion and EMT EMT ↓, FAK ↓, integrin signaling ↓, MMPs ↓, uPA ↓ ↔ G Anti-metastatic phenotypes Often downstream of kinase-network suppression and inflammatory tone changes.
9 Angiogenesis programs VEGF ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic signaling pressure Usually indirect via HIF-1α / inflammatory signaling and tumor-stromal coupling.
10 Epigenetic regulation HDAC ↓, DNMTs ↓, EZH2 ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ G Transcriptional reprogramming Mechanistically plausible but often secondary to upstream stress/kinase changes; evidence varies by model.
11 Cancer stemness pathways Hh/GLI ↓, CK2 ↓, CSC phenotypes ↓ (model-dependent) ↔ G Stemness pressure Typically preclinical; may matter for recurrence-resistance hypotheses.
12 Chemosensitization / death-ligand sensitization Sensitization ↑ (model-dependent) ↔ R Combination leverage Examples include TRAIL sensitization in vitro; translation depends on achievable exposure and interaction risk.
13 Clinical Translation Constraint Low solubility; conjugation-heavy PK; in-vitro concentration gap; potential CYP/UGT/SULT interactions Drug–supplement interaction risk relevant to both — Delivery and interaction limitations Oral free-aglycone systemic levels are often low; formulation can change exposure. In vitro CYP inhibition is reported (notably CYP3A4/2C9); apigenin can also inhibit conjugation pathways in models—caution with narrow-therapeutic-index drugs.

TSF

P: 0–30 min
R: 30 min–3 hr
G: >3 hr
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1551- Api,    Chemotherapeutic effects of Apigenin in breast cancer: Preclinical evidence and molecular mechanisms; enhanced bioavailability by nanoparticles
- Review, NA, NA
*BioAv↑,
1999- Api,  doxoR,    Apigenin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced renal injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation
- in-vitro, Nor, NRK52E - in-vitro, Nor, MPC5 - in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
neuroP↑, ChemoSen∅, RenoP↑, selectivity↑, chemoP↑, ROS↑, *ROS∅, *antiOx↑, *toxicity↓,
1565- Api,    Apigenin-7-glucoside induces apoptosis and ROS accumulation in lung cancer cells, and inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Nor, BEAS-2B - in-vitro, Lung, H1975
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Cyt‑c↑, MDA↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓,
1564- Api,    Apigenin-induced prostate cancer cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species and p53 activation
- in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
MDM2↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, P21↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, eff↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp↑, TumCG↓, TumVol↓, TumW↓,
1563- Api,  MET,    Metformin-induced ROS upregulation as amplified by apigenin causes profound anticancer activity while sparing normal cells
- in-vitro, Nor, HDFa - in-vitro, PC, AsPC-1 - in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vivo, NA, NA
selectivity↑, selectivity↑, selectivity↓, ROS↑, eff↑, tumCV↓, MMP↓, Dose∅, eff↓, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, Necroptosis↑, p‑P53↑, BIM↑, BAX↑, p‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bcl-2↓, AIF↑, p62↑, LC3B↑, MLKL↑, p‑MLKL↓, RIP3↑, p‑RIP3↑, TumCG↑, TumW↓,
1562- Api,    Apigenin protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of the Nrf2 pathway
- in-vitro, Vit, NA
*SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *toxicity∅,
1561- Api,    Apigenin Reactivates Nrf2 Anti-oxidative Stress Signaling in Mouse Skin Epidermal JB6 P + Cells Through Epigenetics Modifications
- in-vivo, Nor, JB6
*NRF2↑, *DNMT1↓, *DNMT3A↓, *HDAC↓, *AntiCan↑,
1560- Api,    Apigenin as an anticancer agent
- Review, NA, NA
Apoptosis↑, Casp3∅, Casp8∅, TNF-α∅, Cyt‑c↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, NF-kB↓, p50↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, p‑Akt↓,
1559- Api,    Dually Active Apigenin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Cancer Treatment
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
Dose↓, selectivity↑,
1558- Api,    Preparation, characterization and antitumor activity evaluation of apigenin nanoparticles by the liquid antisolvent precipitation technique
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
BioAv↑, *toxicity∅, eff↑,
1557- Api,    Preparation of apigenin nanocrystals using supercritical antisolvent process for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*BioAv↑,
1556- Api,    Dissolution and antioxidant potential of apigenin self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery
- Analysis, NA, NA
*BioAv↑, *Dose∅,
1555- Api,    USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods
- Analysis, NA, NA
Dose?,
1554- Api,    A Review on Flavonoid Apigenin: Dietary Intake, ADME, Antimicrobial Effects, and Interactions with Human Gut Microbiota
- Review, NA, NA
*BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↓, *eff↑,
1553- Api,    Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention via the Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy
- Review, NA, NA
Dose∅, TumVol↓, Dose∅, COX2↓, Hif1a↓, TumCCA↑, P53↑, P21↑, Casp3↑, DNAdam↑, TumAuto↝,
1552- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer through down-regulation of E2F1/3 by miRNA-215-5p
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, miR-215-5p↑, TumCCA↑, E2Fs↓,
2299- Api,    Flavonoids Targeting HIF-1: Implications on Cancer Metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
TumCP↓, angioG↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, GLUT1↓, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓,
1550- Api,    Formulation and characterization of an apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential
- Analysis, NA, NA
*BioAv↑, *antiOx↑,
1549- Api,  Chemo,    Chemoprotective and chemosensitizing effects of apigenin on cancer therapy
- Review, NA, NA
ChemoSideEff↓, *toxicity∅, ChemoSen↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑,
1548- Api,    A comprehensive view on the apigenin impact on colorectal cancer: Focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms
- Review, Colon, NA
*BioAv↓, *Half-Life∅, selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, P53↑, P21↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, TumCCA↑, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, STAT3↓, PKM2↓, EMT↓, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, Dose∅, GLUT1↓, GlucoseCon↓,
1547- Api,    Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading
- Review, NA, NA
angioG↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓, TumCCA↑, Dose∅, ROS↑, MMP↓, Catalase↓, GSH↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, OCT4↓, Nanog↓, SIRT3↓, SIRT6↓, eff↑, eff↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, p‑GSK‐3β↓, FOXO3↑, p‑STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, COX2↓, MMPs↓, NRF2↓, HDAC↓, Telomerase↓, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, eff↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, CK2↓, HSP90↓, Hif1a↓, FAK↓, EMT↓,
1546- Api,    Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Models
- Review, NA, NA
TumVol↓, TumW↓, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑,
1545- Api,    The Potential Role of Apigenin in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
- Review, NA, NA
TNF-α↓, IL6↓, IL1α↓, P53↑, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CDK1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, IKKα↓, ERK↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑P70S6K↓, p‑S6↓, p‑ERK↓, p‑P90RSK↑, STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓,
1544- Api,    The flavone apigenin blocks nuclear translocation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 in the hepatic cells WRL-68
- in-vitro, Nor, WRL68
*SREBF2↓, *HMGCR↓, *Dose∅, *BioAv?,
1543- Api,    Therapeutical properties of apigenin: a review on the experimental evidence and basic mechanisms
- Review, NA, NA
TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, COX2↓, iNOS↓, Inflam↓, Dose∅, Dose∅,
1542- Api,    Bioavailability of Apigenin from Apiin-Rich Parsley in Humans
- Human, NA, NA
*BioAv?, *Half-Life?,
1541- Api,  EGCG,    Prospective cohort comparison of flavonoid treatment in patients with resected colorectal cancer to prevent recurrence
- Human, NA, NA
OS↑, Remission↓, Dose∅,
1540- Api,    Determination of Total Apigenin in Herbs by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with UV Detection
- Analysis, NA, NA
*BioAv↑,
1539- Api,  LT,    Dietary flavones counteract phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced SREBP-2 processing in hepatic cells
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
SREBP2↓, eff↑, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓,
1538- Api,    Enhancing oral bioavailability using preparations of apigenin-loaded W/O/W emulsions: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*BioAv↑,
1537- Api,    Apigenin as Tumor Suppressor in Cancers: Biotherapeutic Activity, Nanodelivery, and Mechanisms With Emphasis on Pancreatic Cancer
- Review, PC, NA
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, MMPs↓, Akt↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↓, Half-Life∅, Hif1a↓, GLUT1↓, VEGF↓, ChemoSen↑, ROS↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, BAX↑, BIM↑,
2633- Api,    Apigenin induces ROS-dependent apoptosis and ER stress in human endometriosis cells
- in-vitro, EC, NA
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, p‑ERK↓, ERK↓, JNK↑,
3886- Api,    Neuroprotective effects of apigenin against inflammation, neuronal excitability and apoptosis in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of Alzheimer’s disease
- in-vitro, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *NO↓, *Apoptosis↓,
3885- Api,    Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect of Apigenin: Studies in the GFAP-IL6 Mouse Model of Chronic Neuroinflammation
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*memory↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑,
3884- Api,    Neuroprotective, Anti-Amyloidogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Apigenin in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*memory↑, *Aβ↓, *BACE↓, *antiOx↑, *BDNF↑, *p‑CREB↑, *p‑ERK↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *neuroP↑,
3883- Api,    New approach to clearing toxic waste from brain
- Review, AD, NA
*AQPs↓,
3882- Api,    Enhancing Amyloid-β Clearance May Improve Brain Function in Alzheimer Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*AQPs↑, *Aβ↓,
2664- Api,    Progress in discovery and development of natural inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as anti-cancer agents
- Review, Var, NA
HDAC↓,
3887- Api,    The flavonoid apigenin protects brain neurovascular coupling against amyloid-β₂₅₋₃₅-induced toxicity in mice
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *Aβ↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *Ach↑, *Dose↑, *BDNF↑, *TrkB↑, *p‑CREB↑, *BBB↑, *Ca+2?,
2641- Api,    Apigenin inhibits HGF-promoted invasive growth and metastasis involving blocking PI3K/Akt pathway and beta 4 integrin function in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ITGB4↓,
2640- Api,    Apigenin: A Promising Molecule for Cancer Prevention
- Review, Var, NA
chemoPv↑, ITGB4↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, Akt↓, ERK↓, p‑JNK↓, *Inflam↓, *PKCδ↓, *MAPK↓, EGFR↓, CK2↓, TumCCA↑, CDK1↓, P53↓, P21↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Cyt‑c↑, APAF1↑, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, IGF-1↓, IGFBP3↑, E-cadherin↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, HSPs↓, Telomerase↓, FASN↓, MMPs↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, CK2↓, eff↑, AntiAg↑, eff↑, FAK↓, ROS↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp7↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp9↑, cl‑IAP2↑, AR↓, PSA↓, p‑pRB↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, CDK4↓, ChemoSen↑, Ca+2↑, cal2↑,
2639- Api,    Plant flavone apigenin: An emerging anticancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, ChemoSen↑, BioEnh↑, chemoPv↑, IL6↓, STAT3↓, NF-kB↓, IL8↓, eff↝, Akt↓, PI3K↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CycD3↓, p27↑, FOXO3↑, STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, Twist↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, NADPH↑, NRF2↓, SOD↓, COX2↓, p38↑, Telomerase↓, HDAC↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC3↓, Hif1a↓, angioG↓, uPA↓, Ca+2↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp12↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, E-cadherin↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, CDK4↓, CDK2↓, CDK6↓, IGF-1↓, CK2↓, CSCs↓, FAK↓, Gli↓, GLUT1↓,
2638- Api,    Apigenin, by activating p53 and inhibiting STAT3, modulates the balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival pathways to induce PEL cell death
- in-vitro, lymphoma, PEL
TumCD↑, TumAuto↑, ROS↓, P53↑, Catalase↑, STAT3↓,
2637- Api,    Apigenin Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in INS-1 β-Cells
- in-vitro, Diabetic, NA
*other↝, *Insulin↑, ER Stress↓, *CHOP↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *TXNIP↓,
2636- Api,    Apigenin unveiled: an encyclopedic review of its preclinical and clinical insights
- Review, NA, NA
*AntiCan↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, ChemoSen↑,
2635- Api,  CUR,    Synergistic Effect of Apigenin and Curcumin on Apoptosis, Paraptosis and Autophagy-related Cell Death in HeLa Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
TumCD↑, eff↑, TumAuto↑, ER Stress↑, Paraptosis↑, GRP78/BiP↓, Dose↝,
2634- Api,    Apigenin induces both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑, mtDam↑, CHOP↑, DR5↑, cl‑BID↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑,
1536- Api,    Apigenin causes necroptosis by inducing ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP depletion in malignant mesothelioma cells
- in-vitro, MM, MSTO-211H - in-vitro, MM, H2452
tumCV↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, ATP↓, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, MLKL↑, p‑RIP3↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, eff↓, eff↓,
2632- Api,    Apigenin inhibits migration and induces apoptosis of human endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells via PI3K-AKT-GSK-3β pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress
- in-vitro, EC, NA
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Bak↑, Casp↑, ER Stress↑, Ca+2↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, eff↑, P53↑, P21↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-xL↓,
2631- Api,    Apigenin Induces Autophagy and Cell Death by Targeting EZH2 under Hypoxia Conditions in Gastric Cancer Cells
- in-vivo, GC, NA - in-vitro, GC, AGS
ER Stress↑, Hif1a↓, EZH2↓, HDAC↓, TumAuto↑, p‑mTOR↓, AMPKα↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑,
2596- Api,  LT,    Natural Nrf2 Inhibitors: A Review of Their Potential for Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
NRF2↓, chemoPv↑, ChemoSen↑,
2594- Api,  docx,    Targeted hyaluronic acid-based lipid nanoparticle for apigenin delivery to induce Nrf2-dependent apoptosis in lung cancer cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
NRF2↓, ChemoSen↑,
2593- Api,    Apigenin promotes apoptosis of 4T1 cells through PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway and improves tumor immune microenvironment in vivo
- in-vivo, BC, 4T1
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP↑, ROS↑, p‑PI3K↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, NRF2↓, AntiTum↑, OS↑,
2586- Api,  doxoR,    Apigenin sensitizes doxorubicin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/ADM cells to doxorubicin via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway
- in-vitro, HCC, Bel-7402
NRF2↓, ChemoSen↑,
2585- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the proliferation of adenoid cystic carcinoma via suppression of glucose transporter-1
- in-vitro, ACC, NA
GLUT1↓, TumCG↓,
2584- Api,  Chemo,    The versatility of apigenin: Especially as a chemopreventive agent for cancer
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, eff↝, DR5↑, selectivity↑, angioG↓, selectivity↑, chemoP↑, MAPK↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, GLUT1↓, radioP↑, BioAv↓, chemoPv↑,
2583- Api,  Rad,    The influence of apigenin on cellular responses to radiation: From protection to sensitization
- Review, Var, NA
radioP↑, RadioS↑, *COX2↓, *ROS↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, STAT3↓, AMPK↑, Apoptosis↑, MMP9↓, glucose↓,
2319- Api,    Apigenin sensitizes radiotherapy of mouse subcutaneous glioma through attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis
- in-vitro, GBM, NA
Glycolysis↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, Hif1a↓, GLUT1↓, GLUT3↓, PKM2↓, RadioS↑, TumVol↓, TumW↓,
2318- Api,    Apigenin as a multifaceted antifibrotic agent: Therapeutic potential across organ systems
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *PKM2↓, *Hif1a↓, *TGF-β↓, *AMPK↑, *Inflam↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓,
2317- Api,    Apigenin intervenes in liver fibrosis by regulating PKM2-HIF-1α mediated oxidative stress
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *PKM2↓, *Hif1a↓, *MDA↓, *Catalase↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *TAC↑, *α-SMA↓, *Vim↓, *ROS↓,
2316- Api,    The interaction between apigenin and PKM2 restrains progression of colorectal cancer
- in-vitro, CRC, LS174T - in-vitro, CRC, HCT8 - in-vivo, CRC, NA
TumCP↓, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, TumCG↑, selectivity↑,
2314- Api,    Apigenin Restrains Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation via Targeted Blocking of Pyruvate Kinase M2-Dependent Glycolysis
- in-vitro, Colon, HCT116 - in-vitro, Colon, HT29 - in-vitro, Colon, DLD1
Glycolysis↓, PKM2:PKM1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓,
210- Api,    Apigenin inhibits migration and invasion via modulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145
EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, Snail↓, Vim↓,
310- Api,    Apigenin inhibits renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation
- vitro+vivo, RCC, ACHN - in-vitro, RCC, 786-O - in-vitro, RCC, Caki-1 - in-vitro, RCC, HK-2
TumCCA↑, p‑ATM↑, p‑CHK1↑, p‑CDC25↑, p‑cDC2↑, P53↑, BAX↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑,
308- Api,    Apigenin Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell-Like Phenotypes in Human Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of c-Met Signaling
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, U373MG
cMET↓, Akt↓, Nanog↓, SOX2↓,
307- Api,    Flavonoids inhibit angiogenic cytokine production by human glioma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, GL-15
TGF-β↓,
275- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the self-renewal capacity of human ovarian cancer SKOV3‑derived sphere-forming cells
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3
HH↓, CK2↓, Gli1↓,
273- Api,    Apigenin inhibited migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer A2780 cells through focal adhesion kinase
- in-vivo, Ovarian, A2780S
FAK↓,
270- Api,    Apigenin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and exhibits anti-leukemic activity in vivo via inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK
- in-vivo, AML, U937
Akt↓, JNK↑, Mcl-1↓, cl‑Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, mTOR↓, GSK‐3β↓,
269- Api,    Cytotoxicity of apigenin on leukemia cell lines: implications for prevention and therapy
- in-vitro, AML, HL-60 - in-vitro, AML, K562 - in-vitro, AML, TF1
JAK↓, PI3K↓, cDC2↓, STAT↓,
268- Api,    Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells
- in-vitro, AML, HL-60
Casp3↑, PARP↑,
244- Api,    Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to apigenin-mediated anti-metastatic effect in melanoma
- in-vivo, Melanoma, B16-F10 - in-vivo, Melanoma, A375 - in-vivo, Melanoma, G361
STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, Twist↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, EMT↓,
243- Api,    Apigenin Attenuates Melanoma Cell Migration by Inducing Anoikis through Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition
- in-vitro, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A2058
p‑FAK↓, ERK↓, Casp3↑, PARP↑, ITGA5↓,
242- Api,    Apigenin inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human melanoma cells
- in-vitro, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, Melanoma, C8161
ERK↓, PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, Casp3↑, PARP↑, p‑mTOR↓, p‑Akt↓,
240- Api,    The flavonoid apigenin reduces prostate cancer CD44(+) stem cell survival and migration through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, CD44+
P21↑, p27↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Slug↓, Snail↓, NF-kB↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓,
238- Api,    Apigenin inhibits TGF-β-induced VEGF expression in human prostate carcinoma cells via a Smad2/3- and Src-dependent mechanism
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B
VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, Src↓, FAK↓, Akt↓, SMAD2↓, SMAD3↓,
237- Api,    Apigenin blocks IKKα activation and suppresses prostate cancer progression
- in-vivo, Pca, PC3 - in-vivo, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vivo, Pca, LNCaP - in-vivo, Pca, DU145
IKKα↓, NF-kB↓,
211- Api,    Suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-Regulated Gene Expression by Apigenin through IκBα and IKK Pathway in TRAMP Mice
- in-vivo, Pca, NA
IKKα↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, COX2↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, VEGF↓, PCNA↓, BAX↑,
311- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the proliferation of adenoid cystic carcinoma via suppression of glucose transporter-1
- in-vitro, ACC, NA
GLUT1↓, CC(CDKs/cyclins)↓, TumCCA↑,
208- Api,    Apigenin induces apoptosis by targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and Ku70–Bax interaction in prostate cancer
- in-vivo, Pca, PC3 - in-vivo, Pca, DU145
XIAP↓, survivin↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑,
207- Api,    Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B, Bax and Bcl-2 in induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by apigenin in human prostate carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
PSA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4/6↓, P21↑, AR↓,
206- Api,    Inhibition of glutamine utilization sensitizes lung cancer cells to apigenin-induced apoptosis resulting from metabolic and oxidative stress
- in-vitro, Lung, H1299 - in-vitro, Lung, H460 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, Lung, H2030 - in-vitro, CRC, SW480
Glycolysis↓, lactateProd↓, PGK1↓, ALDOA↓, GLUT1↓, ENO1↓, ATP↓, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, PI3K/Akt↓, HK1↓, HK2↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↓, NADPH↓, PPP↓,
180- Api,    Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis by apigenin by inhibiting STAT3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, BAX∅, Bcl-2∅, Bcl-xL∅, p‑STAT3↓, P53↑, P21↑, p‑JAK2↓, VEGF↓,
179- Api,    Apigenin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, SkBr3
cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp3↑, VEGF↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, cl‑PARP↑, p‑STAT3↓, p‑JAK2↓,
178- Api,    Autophagy inhibition enhances apigenin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells
- in-vivo, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, T47D
Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, BAX↑,
177- Api,    Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by apigenin through induction of G2/M arrest and histone H3 acetylation-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
Cyc↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDK1↓, P21↑, PCNA↝, HDAC↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, ac‑H3↑, TumW↓, TumVol↓,
176- Api,    Induction of caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptosis by apigenin through inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling in HER2-overexpressing BT-474 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, BT474
cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp3↑, p‑JAK1↓, p‑JAK2↓, p‑STAT3↓, P53↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, MMP9↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, cl‑PARP↑,
175- Api,    Apigenin up-regulates transgelin and inhibits invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through decreased phosphorylation of AKT
- vitro+vivo, CRC, SW480 - vitro+vivo, CRC, DLD1 - vitro+vivo, CRC, LS174T
MMP↓, p‑Akt↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, NADH↓, HSP90↓, other↑, talin?,
174- Api,    Downregulation of NEDD9 by apigenin suppresses migration, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, SW480 - in-vitro, CRC, DLD1
NEDD9↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓,
173- Api,    Apigenin-induced apoptosis is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy formation in HCT116 human colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, Colon, HCT116
CycB/CCNB1↓, cDC2↓, CDC25↓, P53↑, P21↑, cl‑PARP↑, proCasp8↓, proCasp9↓, proCasp3↓,
172- Api,    Apigenin suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
- in-vitro, CRC, SW480 - in-vitro, CRC, HTC15
Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, TCF↓, LEF1↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓,
171- Api,    Apigenin in cancer therapy: anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of action
- Review, Var, NA
PI3K/Akt↓, NF-kB↓, CK2↓, FOXO↓, MAPK↝, ERK↓, p‑JAK↓, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, ROS↑, CDC25↓, p‑STAT↓, DNAdam↑,
5- Api,    Common Botanical Compounds Inhibit the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer
- in-vitro, Pca, NA
HH↓, Gli1↓,
589- Api,  5-FU,    Interactions between dietary flavonoids apigenin or luteolin and chemotherapeutic drugs to potentiate anti-proliferative effect on human pancreatic cancer cells, in vitro
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3
GSK‐3β↓, NF-kB↓,
4279- Api,    The Beneficial Role of Apigenin against Cognitive and Neurobehavioural Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Investigations
- Review, NA, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *BBB↑, *5HT↑, *CREB↑, *BDNF↑, *memory↑, *motorD↑, *Mood↑, *cognitive↑, *ROS↓,
1301- Api,    Bcl-2 inhibitor and apigenin worked synergistically in human malignant neuroblastoma cell lines and increased apoptosis with activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways
- in-vitro, neuroblastoma, NA
BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, cal2↑, Casp3↑,
1152- Api,    Does Oral Apigenin Have Real Potential for a Therapeutic Effect in the Context of Human Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers?
- Analysis, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, Half-Life∅, *BioAv↓, Dose∅, eff↑, CYP1A2↓, CYP2C9↓, CYP3A4↓,
1151- Api,    Plant flavone apigenin inhibits HDAC and remodels chromatin to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo study
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, HDAC↓, P21↑, BAX↑, TumCG↓, Bcl-2↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, HDAC1↓, HDAC3↓,
1150- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the TNFα-induced expression of eNOS and MMP-9 via modulating Akt signalling through oestrogen receptor engagement
- in-vitro, Lung, EAhy926
eNOS↓, MMP9↓, Akt↓, p38↓, JNK↓,
1149- Api,    Apigenin inhibits colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling
- vitro+vivo, IBD, NA
COX2↓, MPO↓, NF-kB↓, STAT3↓, Inflam↓,
1095- Api,    Apigenin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human colon cancer cells through NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway
- Analysis, Colon, NA
Snail↓, EMT↓, NF-kB↓,
1077- Api,    Apigenin inhibits COX-2, PGE2, and EP1 and also initiates terminal differentiation in the epidermis of tumor bearing mice
- in-vivo, NMSC, NA
*COX2↓, COX2∅,
4280- Api,    Protective effects of apigenin in neurodegeneration: An update on the potential mechanisms
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *BBB↑, *NRF2↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *MAPK↓, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *PPARγ↑, *TLR4↓, *GSK‐3β↓, *Aβ↓, *NLRP3↓, *BDNF↑, *TrkB↑, *GABA↑, *AChE↓, *Ach↑, *5HT↑, *cognitive↑, *MAOA↓,
1024- Api,  CUR,    Apigenin suppresses PD-L1 expression in melanoma and host dendritic cells to elicit synergistic therapeutic effects
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A2058 - in-vitro, Melanoma, RPMI-7951
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, PD-L1↓, STAT1↓, tumCV↓, T-Cell↑,
1008- Api,    Apigenin-induced lysosomal degradation of β-catenin in Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, CRC, SW480
Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, TumAuto↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, TumAuto↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑p70S6↓, p‑4E-BP1↓,
983- Api,    Apigenin acts as a partial agonist action at estrogen receptors in vivo
- in-vivo, NA, NA
ERα/ESR1↑, ERβ/ESR2↑,
958- Api,    Apigenin suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth via inhibiting HIF-1α expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma
- in-vitro, Lung, NCIH1299
Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, VEGFR2↓, PDGF↓, angioG↓,
938- Api,  doxoR,    Apigenin and hesperidin augment the toxic effect of doxorubicin against HepG2 cells
- vitro+vivo, HCC, HepG2
LDHA↓, HK2↓,
591- Api,  doxoR,    Polyphenols act synergistically with doxorubicin and etoposide in leukaemia cell lines
- in-vitro, AML, Jurkat - in-vitro, AML, THP1
ATP↓, Casp3↑, γH2AX↑,
586- Api,  5-FU,    5-Fluorouracil combined with apigenin enhances anticancer activity through mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
- in-vivo, HCC, NA
ROS↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, PARP↑,
584- Api,  Cisplatin,    Apigenin potentiates the antitumor activity of 5-FU on solid Ehrlich carcinoma: Crosstalk between apoptotic and JNK-mediated autophagic cell death platforms
- in-vivo, Var, NA
Beclin-1↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, JNK↑, Mcl-1↓, Ki-67↓,
583- Api,  Cisplatin,    Apigenin suppresses GLUT-1 and p-AKT expression to enhance the chemosensitivity to cisplatin of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells: an in vitro study
- in-vitro, Laryn, HEp2
PI3K/Akt↓, GLUT1↓, Akt↓,
581- Api,  Cisplatin,    The natural flavonoid apigenin sensitizes human CD44+ prostate cancer stem cells to cisplatin therapy
- in-vitro, Pca, CD44+
Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, Casp8↑, P53↑, Sharpin↓, APAF1↑, p‑Akt↓, NF-kB↓, P21↑, Cyc↓, CDK2↓, CDK4/6↓, Snail↓, ChemoSen↑,
578- Api,  Cisplatin,    Apigenin enhances the cisplatin cytotoxic effect through p53-modulated apoptosis
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Pca, HeLa - in-vitro, Lung, H1299
p‑P53↑,
577- Api,  PacT,    Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 axis and targeting Axl and Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinases by apigenin circumvent taxol resistance in ovarian cancer cells
- in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3
p‑Akt↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, AXL↓, Tyro3↓,
4281- Api,    The neurotrophic activities of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor are potentiated by binding with apigenin, a common flavone in vegetables, in stimulating the receptor signaling
- in-vitro, AD, SH-SY5Y
*BDNF↑, *TrkB↑,
421- Api,    Apigenin inhibits HeLa sphere-forming cells through inactivation of casein kinase 2α
- vitro+vivo, Cerv, HeLa
CK2↓,
419- Api,    Apigenin inhibited hypoxia induced stem cell marker expression in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line
- in-vitro, SCC, HN30 - in-vitro, SCC, HN8
CD44↓, Nanog↓, Endoglin↓, VEGF↓, CSCs↓,
418- Api,    Apigenin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
- vitro+vivo, OS, U2OS - vitro+vivo, OS, MG63
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
416- Api,    In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-tumoral Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in Malignant Mesothelioma
- vitro+vivo, NA, NA
Bax:Bcl2↑, P53↑, ROS↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, cl‑PARP1↑, p‑ERK⇅, p‑JNK↓, p‑p38↑, p‑Akt↓, cJun↓, NF-kB↓, EGFR↓, TumCCA↑,
315- Api,    Apigenin: Selective CK2 inhibitor increases Ikaros expression and improves T cell homeostasis and function in murine pancreatic cancer
- vitro+vivo, PC, Panc02
CK2↓, CD4+↑, CD8+↑, Ikaros↑,
314- Api,    Apigenin impairs oral squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
- in-vitro, SCC, HaCaT - in-vitro, SCC, SCC25
TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK1/2/5/9∅,
313- Api,    Apigenin induces autophagic cell death in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells
- in-vitro, Thyroid, BCPAP
LC3s↝, p62↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, CDC25↓, TumAuto↑, Beclin-1↑, AVOs↑, DNAdam↑,
6- Ba,  Api,  QC,    Common Botanical Compounds Inhibit the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Prostate Cancer
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
HH↓, Gli1↓,
481- CUR,  CHr,  Api,    Flavonoid-induced glutathione depletion: Potential implications for cancer treatment
- in-vitro, Liver, A549 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, AML, HL-60
GSH↓, mtDam↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑,
2642- Flav,  QC,  Api,  KaempF,  MCT  In Vitro–In Vivo Study of the Impact of Excipient Emulsions on the Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids: Influence of the Carrier Oil Type
- in-vitro, Nor, NA - in-vivo, Nor, NA
*BioAv↑, *eff↝, BioEnh↑,
1534- LT,  Api,  EGCG,  RES,    Plant polyphenol induced cell death in human cancer cells involves mobilization of intracellular copper ions and reactive oxygen species generation: a mechanism for cancer chemopreventive action
- in-vitro, Nor, MCF10 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-468 - in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3
TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, eff↓, *toxicity↑, Dose?, eff↓, eff↓,
1025- LT,  Api,    Luteolin and its derivative apigenin suppress the inducible PD-L1 expression to improve anti-tumor immunity in KRAS-mutant lung cancer
- in-vivo, Lung, NA
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, PD-L1↓, p‑STAT3↓,
4665- QC,  Ash,  Api,    Targeting cancer stem cells by nutraceuticals for cancer therapy
- Review, Var, NA
CSCs↓,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 129

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↓, 1,   Catalase↑, 1,   GSH↓, 4,   HK1↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MDA↑, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↓, 6,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 19,   SIRT3↓, 1,   SOD↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology ⓘ

Ikaros↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 1,   ATP↓, 3,   CDC25↓, 3,   p‑CDC25↑, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 12,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 2,   XIAP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALDOA↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   cMyc↓, 2,   CYP3A4↓, 1,   ENO1↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 5,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   PGK1↓, 1,   PI3K/Akt↓, 3,   PI3k/Akt/mTOR↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 4,   PKM2:PKM1↓, 1,   PPP↓, 1,   p‑S6↓, 1,   SREBP2↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 17,   p‑Akt↓, 8,   APAF1↑, 2,   Apoptosis↑, 18,   Bak↑, 1,   BAX↑, 13,   BAX∅, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 7,   Bcl-2↓, 14,   Bcl-2∅, 1,   cl‑Bcl-2↓, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 8,   Bcl-xL∅, 1,   cl‑BID↑, 1,   BIM↑, 2,   Casp↑, 3,   Casp12↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 18,   Casp3∅, 1,   cl‑Casp3↑, 5,   proCasp3↓, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   cl‑Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 4,   Casp8∅, 1,   cl‑Casp8↑, 5,   proCasp8↓, 1,   Casp9↑, 8,   cl‑Casp9↑, 2,   proCasp9↓, 1,   CK2↓, 8,   Cyt‑c↑, 13,   DR5↑, 2,   cl‑IAP2↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 3,   p‑JNK↓, 2,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↝, 1,   Mcl-1↓, 2,   MDM2↓, 1,   MLKL↑, 2,   p‑MLKL↓, 1,   Necroptosis↑, 2,   p27↑, 2,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,   Paraptosis↑, 1,   survivin↓, 3,   Telomerase↓, 3,   TumCD↑, 2,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

AMPKα↑, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   p‑p70S6↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   ac‑H3↑, 1,   other↑, 1,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 3,   ER Stress↓, 1,   ER Stress↑, 5,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   HSP90↓, 2,   HSPs↓, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

AVOs↑, 1,   Beclin-1↑, 2,   LC3B↑, 1,   LC3s↝, 1,   p62↓, 1,   p62↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 7,   TumAuto↝, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

p‑ATM↑, 1,   p‑CHK1↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 6,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 12,   p‑P53↑, 2,   PARP↑, 4,   p‑PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 11,   cl‑PARP1↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,   PCNA↝, 1,   SIRT6↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 3,   CDK1/2/5/9∅, 1,   CDK2↓, 3,   CDK4↓, 2,   Cyc↓, 2,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 3,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 4,   CycD3↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 2,   E2Fs↓, 1,   P21↑, 12,   TumCCA↑, 22,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

p‑4E-BP1↓, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   cDC2↓, 2,   p‑cDC2↑, 1,   cMET↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 4,   EMT↓, 6,   ERK↓, 6,   p‑ERK↓, 3,   p‑ERK⇅, 1,   FOXO↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 2,   Gli↓, 1,   Gli1↓, 3,   GSK‐3β↓, 2,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 2,   HDAC↓, 6,   HDAC1↓, 2,   HDAC3↓, 2,   HH↓, 3,   IGF-1↓, 2,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 6,   p‑mTOR↓, 2,   Nanog↓, 3,   OCT4↓, 1,   p‑P70S6K↓, 1,   p‑P90RSK↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 10,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   Src↓, 1,   STAT↓, 1,   p‑STAT↓, 1,   STAT1↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 8,   p‑STAT3↓, 5,   TCF↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 8,   TumCG↑, 2,   Wnt↓, 1,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 5,  

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   AXL↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 6,   cal2↑, 2,   CC(CDKs/cyclins)↓, 1,   CDK4/6↓, 2,   E-cadherin↑, 4,   FAK↓, 5,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   ITGA5↓, 1,   ITGB4↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 1,   LEF1↓, 1,   miR-215-5p↑, 1,   MMP2↓, 6,   MMP9↓, 8,   MMPs↓, 3,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   NEDD9↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 1,   p‑RIP3↑, 2,   Sharpin↓, 1,   Slug↓, 2,   SMAD2↓, 1,   SMAD3↓, 1,   Snail↓, 5,   talin?, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TumCI↓, 10,   TumCMig↓, 8,   TumCP↓, 13,   TumMeta↓, 1,   Twist↓, 2,   Tyro3↓, 1,   uPA↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 6,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 5,   ATF4↑, 2,   EGFR↓, 2,   Endoglin↓, 1,   eNOS↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 12,   VEGF↓, 15,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 10,   GLUT3↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   COX2↓, 6,   COX2∅, 1,   IKKα↓, 3,   IL10↓, 1,   IL1α↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   JAK↓, 1,   p‑JAK↓, 1,   p‑JAK1↓, 1,   p‑JAK2↓, 3,   NF-kB↓, 14,   p50↓, 1,   p65↓, 2,   PD-L1↓, 2,   PSA↓, 2,   T-Cell↑, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,   TNF-α∅, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   CDK6↓, 1,   ERα/ESR1↑, 1,   ERβ/ESR2↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioEnh↑, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 10,   ChemoSen∅, 1,   CYP1A2↓, 1,   CYP2C9↓, 1,   Dose?, 2,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↝, 1,   Dose∅, 9,   eff↓, 8,   eff↑, 18,   eff↝, 2,   Half-Life∅, 2,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 8,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   EGFR↓, 2,   ERα/ESR1↑, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   IL6↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 2,   PSA↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   chemoPv↑, 4,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   OS↑, 2,   radioP↑, 2,   Remission↓, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 5,   TumW↓, 5,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

CD8+↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 306

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 7,   Catalase↓, 1,   Catalase↑, 2,   GPx↑, 4,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 2,   NRF2↑, 4,   ROS↓, 8,   ROS∅, 1,   SOD↑, 4,   TAC↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Insulin↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   CREB↑, 1,   p‑CREB↑, 2,   PKM2↓, 2,   PPARγ↑, 1,   SREBF2↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↑, 2,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Ach↑, 2,   other↝, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNMT1↓, 1,   DNMT3A↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

p‑ERK↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   HMGCR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2?, 1,   PKCδ↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TXNIP↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 2,   NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

AQPs↓, 1,   AQPs↑, 1,   BBB↑, 3,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   IL1β↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 10,   NF-kB↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↑, 2,   AChE↓, 2,   BDNF↑, 5,   GABA↑, 1,   MAOA↓, 1,   TrkB↑, 3,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

Aβ↓, 4,   BACE↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv?, 2,   BioAv↓, 5,   BioAv↑, 11,   Dose↑, 1,   Dose∅, 2,   eff↑, 1,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life?, 1,   Half-Life∅, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 2,   memory↑, 4,   Mood↑, 1,   motorD↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 5,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity↑, 1,   toxicity∅, 3,  
Total Targets: 81

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:32  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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