condition found tbRes List
BetA, Betulinic acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Betulinic acid "buh-TOO-li-nik acid" is a natural compound with antiretroviral, anti malarial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. It is found in the bark of several plants, such as white birch, ber tree and rosemary, and has a complex mode of action against tumor cells.
-Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid
-vitro concentrations range from 1–100 µM, in vivo studies in rodents have generally used doses from 10–100 mg/kg
-half-life reports vary 3-5 hrs?.
BioAv -hydrophobic molecule with relatively poor water solubility.

Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, HK2↓, ECAR↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, GLi1↓, β-catenin↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,
- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


ERK, ERK signaling: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
MAPK3 (ERK1)
ERK proteins are kinases that activate other proteins by adding a phosphate group. An overactivation of these proteins causes the cell cycle to stop.
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is a crucial component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, which plays a significant role in regulating various cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. high levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in tumor samples may indicate active ERK signaling and could correlate with aggressive tumor behavior

EEk singaling is frequently activated and is often associated with aggressive tumor behavior, treatment resistance, and poor outcomes.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2758- BetA,    Betulinic Acid Attenuates Oxidative Stress in the Thymus Induced by Acute Exposure to T-2 Toxin via Regulation of the MAPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, protective effects and mechanisms of BA in blocking oxidative stress caused by acute exposure to T-2 toxin in the thymus of mice was studied.
*MDA↓, BA pretreatment reduced ROS production, decreased the MDA content, and increased the content of IgG in serum and the levels of SOD and GSH in the thymus.
*SOD↑,
*GSH↑,
*p‑p38↓, BA downregulated the phosphorylation of the p38, JNK, and ERK proteins, while it upregulated the expression of the Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in thymus tissues.
*p‑JNK↓,
*p‑ERK↓,
*NRF2↑,
*HO-1↑,
*MAPK↓, suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway.
*heparanase↑, BA also showed protective activities against alcohol-induced liver damage and dexamethasone-induced spleen and thymus oxidative damage, and these protective effects were related to the antioxidant capacity of BA
*antiOx↑, BA Increased T-2 Toxin-Induced Thymus Antioxidative Capacity

2760- BetA,    A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
AntiTum↑, BA is considered a future promising antitumor compound
Cyt‑c↑, BA stimulated mitochondria to release cytochrome c and Smac and cause further apoptosis reactions
Smad1↑,
Sepsis↓, Administration of 10 and 30 mg/kg of BA significantly improved survival against sepsis and attenuated lung injury.
NF-kB↓, BA inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in the lung and decreased levels of cytokine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
ICAM-1↓,
MCP1↓,
MMP9↓,
COX2↓, In hPBMCs, BA suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) production by inhibiting extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt phosphorylation and thereby modulated the NF-κB signaling pathway
PGE2↓,
ERK↓,
p‑Akt↓,
*ROS↓, BA significantly decreased the mortality of mice against endotoxin shock and inhibited the production of PEG2 in two of the most susceptible organs, lungs and livers [80]. Moreover, BA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation
*LDH↓, and the release of lactate dehydrogenase
*hepatoP↑, hepatoprotective effect of BA from Tecomella undulata.
*SOD↑, Pretreatment of BA prevented the depletion of hepatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) and decreased the CCl4-induced LPO level
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*AST↓, A also attenuated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma level,
*ALAT↓,
*RenoP↑, BA also exhibits renal-protective effects. Renal fibrosis is an end-stage renal disease symptom that develops from chronic kidney disease (CKD).
*ROS↓, BA protected against this ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mice model by enhancing blood flow and reducing oxidative stress and nitrosative stress
*α-SMA↓, Moreover, BA reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
p‑Akt↓,1,   AntiTum↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   Cyt‑c↑,1,   ERK↓,1,   ICAM-1↓,1,   MCP1↓,1,   MMP9↓,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   PGE2↓,1,   Sepsis↓,1,   Smad1↑,1,  
Total Targets: 12

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
ALAT↓,1,   antiOx↑,1,   AST↓,1,   Catalase↑,1,   p‑ERK↓,1,   GSH↑,2,   heparanase↑,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   HO-1↑,1,   p‑JNK↓,1,   LDH↓,1,   MAPK↓,1,   MDA↓,1,   NRF2↑,1,   p‑p38↓,1,   RenoP↑,1,   ROS↓,3,   SOD↑,2,   α-SMA↓,1,  
Total Targets: 19

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ERK, ERK signaling
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:42  Target#:105  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

Home Page