condition found tbRes List
BetA, Betulinic acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Betulinic acid "buh-TOO-li-nik acid" is a natural compound with antiretroviral, anti malarial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. It is found in the bark of several plants, such as white birch, ber tree and rosemary, and has a complex mode of action against tumor cells.
-Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid
-vitro concentrations range from 1–100 µM, in vivo studies in rodents have generally used doses from 10–100 mg/kg
-half-life reports vary 3-5 hrs?.
BioAv -hydrophobic molecule with relatively poor water solubility.

Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : , MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, HK2↓, ECAR↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, GLi1↓, β-catenin↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,
- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type: protein
α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is a protein that is often associated with cancer progression. It is a key component of the actin cytoskeleton and plays a crucial role in cell migration, invasion, and contraction.
α-SMA is often expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are a type of stromal cell that surrounds the tumor. CAFs expressing α-SMA can promote tumor growth and metastasis.
High levels of α-SMA expression have been correlated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancer.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2760- BetA,    A Review on Preparation of Betulinic Acid and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
AntiTum↑, BA is considered a future promising antitumor compound
Cyt‑c↑, BA stimulated mitochondria to release cytochrome c and Smac and cause further apoptosis reactions
Smad1↑,
Sepsis↓, Administration of 10 and 30 mg/kg of BA significantly improved survival against sepsis and attenuated lung injury.
NF-kB↓, BA inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in the lung and decreased levels of cytokine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)
ICAM-1↓,
MCP1↓,
MMP9↓,
COX2↓, In hPBMCs, BA suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) production by inhibiting extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt phosphorylation and thereby modulated the NF-κB signaling pathway
PGE2↓,
ERK↓,
p‑Akt↓,
*ROS↓, BA significantly decreased the mortality of mice against endotoxin shock and inhibited the production of PEG2 in two of the most susceptible organs, lungs and livers [80]. Moreover, BA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation
*LDH↓, and the release of lactate dehydrogenase
*hepatoP↑, hepatoprotective effect of BA from Tecomella undulata.
*SOD↑, Pretreatment of BA prevented the depletion of hepatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) and decreased the CCl4-induced LPO level
*Catalase↑,
*GSH↑,
*AST↓, A also attenuated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plasma level,
*ALAT↓,
*RenoP↑, BA also exhibits renal-protective effects. Renal fibrosis is an end-stage renal disease symptom that develops from chronic kidney disease (CKD).
*ROS↓, BA protected against this ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mice model by enhancing blood flow and reducing oxidative stress and nitrosative stress
*α-SMA↓, Moreover, BA reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen-I


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
p‑Akt↓,1,   AntiTum↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   Cyt‑c↑,1,   ERK↓,1,   ICAM-1↓,1,   MCP1↓,1,   MMP9↓,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   PGE2↓,1,   Sepsis↓,1,   Smad1↑,1,  
Total Targets: 12

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
ALAT↓,1,   AST↓,1,   Catalase↑,1,   GSH↑,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   LDH↓,1,   RenoP↑,1,   ROS↓,2,   SOD↑,1,   α-SMA↓,1,  
Total Targets: 10

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:42  Target#:719  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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