condition found tbRes List
LT, Luteolin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Luteolin a Flavonoid found in celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers.
-MDR1 expression, MMP-9, IGF-1 and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

*** ACTIVE WORK IN PROGRESS**

-Note half-life 2–3 hours
BioAv low, but could be improved with Res, or blend of castor oil, kolliphor and polyethylene glycol
Pathways:
- induce ROS production in cancer cell but a few reports of reduction. Always seems to reduce ROS in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓,
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, GRP78↑,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


CXCR4, Chemokine Receptor Type 4: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a significant role in various physiological processes, including immune responses, hematopoiesis, and organ development. It is also implicated in cancer biology, where it has been associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment.
CXCR4 is often overexpressed in various types of cancers, including breast, lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Its activation can promote tumor cell proliferation and survival.
-CXCR4 proteins associated with metastasis


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2914- LT,    Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, As an antioxidant, Luteolin and its glycosides can scavenge free radicals caused by oxidative damage and chelate metal ions
*IronCh↑,
*toxicity↓, The safety profile of Luteolin has been proven by its non-toxic side effects, as the oral median lethal dose (LD50) was found to be higher than 2500 and 5000 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively, equal to approximately 219.8−793.7 mg/kg in humans
*BioAv↓, One major problem related to the use of flavonoids for therapeutic purposes is their low bioavailability.
*BioAv↑, Resveratrol, which functions as the inhibitor of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9, significantly improved the bioavailability of Luteolin by decreasing the major glucuronidation metabolite in rats
DNAdam↑, Luteolin’s anticancer properties, which involve DNA damage, regulation of redox, and protein kinases in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation
TumCP↓,
DR5↑, Luteolin was discovered to promote apoptosis of different cancer cells by increasing Death receptors, p53, JNK, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3/-8-/-9, and PARP expressions
P53↑,
JNK↑,
BAX↑,
cl‑Casp3↑,
cl‑Casp8↑,
cl‑Casp9↑,
cl‑PARP↑,
survivin↓, downregulating proteins involved in cell cycle progression, including Survivin, Cyclin D1, Cyclin B, and CDC2, and upregulating p21
cycD1↓,
CycB↓,
CDC2↓,
P21↑,
angioG↓, suppress angiogenesis in cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of some angiogenic factors, such as MMP-2, AEG-1, VEGF, and VEGFR2
MMP2↓,
AEG1↓,
VEGF↓,
VEGFR2↓,
MMP9↓, inhibit metastasis by inhibiting several proteins that function in metastasis, such as MMP-2/-9, CXCR4, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2
CXCR4↓,
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
ERK↓,
TumAuto↑, can promote the conversion of LC3B I to LC3B II and upregulate Beclin1 expression, thereby causing autophagy
LC3B-II↑,
EMT↓, Luteolin was identified to suppress the epithelial to mesenchymal transition by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating N-cadherin and Wnt3 expressions.
E-cadherin↑,
N-cadherin↓,
Wnt↓,
ROS↑, DNA damage that is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS),
NICD↓, Luteolin can block the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) that is created by the activation of the Not
p‑GSK‐3β↓, Luteolin can inhibit the phosphorylation of the GSK3β induced by Wnt, resulting in the prevention of GSK3β inhibition
iNOS↓, Luteolin in colon cancer and the complications associated with it, particularly the decreasing effect on the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
COX2↓,
NRF2↑, Luteolin has been identified to increase the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a crucial transcription factor with anticarcinogenic properties related
Ca+2↑, caused loss of the mitochondrial membrane action potential, enhanced levels of mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+),
ChemoSen↑, Luteolin enhanced the effect of one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin, on CRC cells
ChemoSen↓, high dose of Luteolin application negatively affected the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in a p53-dependent manner [52]. They suggested that the flavonoids with Nrf2-activating ability might interfere with the chemotherapeutic efficacy of anticancer
IFN-γ↓, decreased the expression of interferon-gamma-(IFN-γ)
RadioS↑, suggested that Luteolin can act as a radiosensitizer, promoting apoptosis by inducing p38/ROS/caspase cascade
MDM2↓, Luteolin treatment was associated with increased p53 and p21 and decreased MDM4 expressions both in vitro and in vivo.
NOTCH1↓, Luteolin suppressed the growth of lung cancer cells, metastasis, and Notch-1 signaling pathway
AR↓, downregulating the androgen receptor (AR) expression
TIMP1↑, Luteolin inhibits the migration of U251MG and U87MG human glioblastoma cell lines by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 and upregulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2.
TIMP2↑,
ER Stress↑, Luteolin caused oxidative stress and ER stress in the Hep3B cells,
CDK2↓, Luteolin’s ability to decrease Akt, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), cyclin B1, cyclin A, CDC2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and Bcl-xL
Telomerase↓, Luteolin dose-dependently inhibited the telomerase levels and caused the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the target gene of NF-κB, c-Myc to suppress the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
p‑NF-kB↑,
p‑cMyc↑,
hTERT↓,
RAS↓, Luteolin was found to suppress the expressions of K-Ras, H-Ras, and N-Ras, which are the activators of PI3K
YAP/TEAD↓, Luteolin caused significant inhibition of yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)
TAZ↓,
NF-kB↓, Luteolin was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on the NF-κB
NRF2↓, Luteolin-loaded nanoparticles resulted in a significant reduction in the Nrf2 levels compared to Luteolin alone.
HO-1↓, The expressions of the downstream genes of Nrf2, Ho1, and MDR1 were also reduced, where inhibition of Nrf2 expression significantly increased the cell death of breast cancer cells
MDR1↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
AEG1↓,1,   Akt↓,1,   angioG↓,1,   AR↓,1,   BAX↑,1,   Ca+2↑,1,   cl‑Casp3↑,1,   cl‑Casp8↑,1,   cl‑Casp9↑,1,   CDC2↓,1,   CDK2↓,1,   ChemoSen↓,1,   ChemoSen↑,1,   p‑cMyc↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   CXCR4↓,1,   CycB↓,1,   cycD1↓,1,   DNAdam↑,1,   DR5↑,1,   E-cadherin↑,1,   EMT↓,1,   ER Stress↑,1,   ERK↓,1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓,1,   HO-1↓,1,   hTERT↓,1,   IFN-γ↓,1,   iNOS↓,1,   JNK↑,1,   LC3B-II↑,1,   MDM2↓,1,   MDR1↓,1,   MMP2↓,1,   MMP9↓,1,   N-cadherin↓,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   p‑NF-kB↑,1,   NICD↓,1,   NOTCH1↓,1,   NRF2↓,1,   NRF2↑,1,   P21↑,1,   P53↑,1,   cl‑PARP↑,1,   PI3K↓,1,   RadioS↑,1,   RAS↓,1,   ROS↑,1,   survivin↓,1,   TAZ↓,1,   Telomerase↓,1,   TIMP1↑,1,   TIMP2↑,1,   TumAuto↑,1,   TumCP↓,1,   VEGF↓,1,   VEGFR2↓,1,   Wnt↓,1,   YAP/TEAD↓,1,  
Total Targets: 60

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
antiOx↑,1,   BioAv↓,1,   BioAv↑,1,   IronCh↑,1,   toxicity↓,1,  
Total Targets: 5

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: CXCR4, Chemokine Receptor Type 4
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:118  Target#:79  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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