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Honokiol is a Lignan isolated from bark, seed cones and leaves of trees of Magnolia species. Honokiol was traditionally used for anxiety and stroke treatment, as well as the alleviation of flu symptoms. -considered to have antioxidant properties -low oral bioavailability and difficulty in intravenous administration -the development of various formulations of honokiol, including microemulsion, liposomes, nanoparticles and micelle copolymers have successfully solved the problem of low water solubility. Pathways: -Inhibit NF-κB activation -Downregulate STAT3 signalin -Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, -Inhibition of mTOR -Influences various MAPK cascades—including ERK, JNK, and p38 -Inhibition of EGFR -Inhibiting Notch pathway (CSCs) -GPx4 inhibit -Can induce ER stress in cancer cells, which contributes to the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways -Disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. -Reported to increase ROS production in cancer cells -Can exhibit antioxidant properties in normal cells. - has some inhibitor activity but Not classified as HDAC inhibitor as weaker and may work more indirectly. - is well-known in the research community for its role in activating SIRT3 -Note half-life 40–60 minutes BioAv Pathways: - induce ROS production in cancer cells, and typically lowers ROS in normal cells - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓ Prx - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, - inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓ - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, EGFR↓, - inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CD133↓, β-catenin↓, sox2↓, nestin↓, OCT4↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol). - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells |
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Neuroprotective refers to the ability of a substance, intervention, or strategy to preserve the structure and function of nerve cells (neurons) against injury or degeneration. -While cancer and neurodegenerative processes might seem distinct, there is significant overlap in terms of treatment-related neurotoxicity, shared molecular mechanisms, and the potential for therapies that provide neuroprotection during cancer treatment. |
2890- | HNK,  |   | SIRT3 activation promotes enteric neurons survival and differentiation |
2894- | HNK,  |   | Pharmacological features, health benefits and clinical implications of honokiol |
- | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
2899- | HNK,  |   | SIRT3 activator honokiol ameliorates surgery/anesthesia-induced cognitive decline in mice through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory in hippocampus |
- | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
2082- | HNK,  |   | Revealing the role of honokiol in human glioma cells by RNA-seq analysis |
- | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 |
2864- | HNK,  |   | Honokiol: A Review of Its Anticancer Potential and Mechanisms |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
2868- | HNK,  |   | Honokiol: A review of its pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights |
- | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Sepsis, | NA |
2869- | HNK,  |   | Nature's neuroprotector: Honokiol and its promise for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's |
- | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
2872- | HNK,  |   | Honokiol alleviated neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function in mutant SOD1 cellular and mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
- | in-vivo, | ALS, | NA | - | NA, | Stroke, | NA | - | NA, | AD, | NA | - | NA, | Park, | NA |
2873- | HNK,  |   | Honokiol Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activation of Nrf2 |
- | in-vitro, | Nor, | PC12 |
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