Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli) Cancer Research Results

SFN, Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli): Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, a compound found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. It is well known for its potent antioxidant and detoxification properties and has gained significant attention for its potential chemopreventive and anticancer effects.

Summary
1.primarily attenuates both DNMTs and HDACs, individually suppressing DNA hypermethylation and histones deacetylation, ultimately upregulating NRF2 (best known for NRF2↑)
2.Antioxidant Activity:
• Nrf2 activation leads to the upregulation of a host of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase-1), which in turn decrease oxidative stress and lower ROS levels.
3.Pro-oxidant Effects in Cancer Cells and Under High-Dose Conditions (>=10uM?)
• In certain cancer cell types or at higher concentrations, sulforaphane can paradoxically lead to an increase in ROS levels.
• The elevated ROS may overwhelm the cancer cells’ antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative stress–mediated cell death (apoptosis).
• This context-dependent pro-oxidant effect has been explored for its potential in selectively targeting cancer cells while leaving normal cells less affected.

- Might not be a good candidate for pro-oxidant strategy depending on concentration >10uM?.
- Strong Activation of Nrf2 (best known for) at low to moderate concentrations, hence reduces oxidative stress in both cancer and normal cells.
- AMPK signaling activated by SFN, high concentrations of ROS are produced
- ROS generation also results in depletion of GSH levels
- HIF-1α and VEGF inhibitor
- Might be effective against cancer stem cells
- But I would not combine that with radiation, as Sulforaphane activates the anti-oxidant master regulator of cells.
- “I very much agree: Sulforaphane is a very good addition, even more when the choice is an anti-oxidant therapy”
- well known as HDAC inhibitor (typically 5-10um concentrations)
-A transient decrease in HDAC activity has also been observed in healthy humans 3 h after providing a daily 200 µM SFN dose, resulting in a plasma concentration of SFN metabolites of 0.1–0.2 µM.


Dose/Bioavailabilty information:
SFN at a daily dose of 2.2 µM/kg body weight, with a mean plasma level of 0.13 µM Sprout 127.6 grams = 205uM±19.9 content yields SFN 0.5 to 2uM in plasma.
However, it is important to consider that at lower doses, specifically 2.5 μM, SFN resulted in a slight increase in cell proliferation by 5.18–11.84% within a 6 to 48 h treatment window.
-A therapeutic dose starts at approx 60 grams of the sprouts.
-100 g of Broccoli sprouts contain about 15–20 mg of sulforaphane
–Organic Broccoli Sprout Powder (Health Ranger) – Avmacol® – NanoPSA (a blend of NanoStilbene™ and Broccoli Sprout Extract).
- -750 mg Sulforaphane Glucosinolate in Daily One Serving (2 capsules) (30mg Sulforaphane)

Total sulforaphane metabolite concentration in plasma was the highest (>2 μM) at 3 h in human subjects who consumed fresh broccoli sprouts (40g)
-human studies with broccoli sprouts or extracts report plasma sulforaphane levels in the low micromolar range (typically 1–2 µM) after ingesting realistic, food-based quantities of sprouts (often in the range of 30–50 g of sprouts or a concentrated extract).

BroccoSprouts are young broccoli sprouts that have garnered attention because they contain high amounts of glucoraphanin—a precursor molecule to sulforaphane. Studies have shown that broccoli sprouts can have sulforaphane precursor levels (i.e., glucoraphanin levels) that are 10 to 100 times higher than those found in mature broccoli heads. Glucoraphanin content in broccoli sprouts can range anywhere from about 30 to over 100 mg per 100 grams of fresh sprouts. Once activated (e.g., during consumption when myrosinase acts on glucoraphanin), these levels translate into a significant sulforaphane yield, meaning that even a small amount of broccoli sprouts can deliver a potent dose of this bioactive compound.

Importantly, glucoraphanin itself is not bioactive. Rather, enzymatic hydrolysis by myrosinase, present in the plant tissue or in the mammalian microbiome, is necessary to form the active component, SFN.
- GFN (glucoraphanin) is hydrolyzed in vivo to SFN via the myrosinase, which is present in gut bacteria as well as the plant itself (also in Radish)
- Do not cook the vegetables, or if you do add myrosinase back in by adding radish.
- mild heat of broccoli (60–70 °C) inactivated ESP and preserved myrosinase and increased SF yield 3–7-fold
- chewing of fresh broccoli sprouts increases the interaction of glucosinolates with myrosinase and consequently, increases the bioavailability of SFN in the body

-Note half-life 2-3 hrs.
BioAv is good (15-80%) but requires myrosinase
Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx,
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓(contrary, actually most raises NRF2), TrxR↓**, GSH↓, Catalase↓(contrary), HO1↓(contrary), GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi↓, GLi1↓, CD133↓, β-catenin↓, sox2↓, notch2↓, nestin↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, 5↓, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 NRF2 / KEAP1 antioxidant response ↑ NRF2 (often insufficient for rescue) ↑ NRF2 (protective) Driver Electrophile-driven stress response Sulforaphane covalently modifies KEAP1, activating NRF2 signaling
2 Histone deacetylases (HDACs) ↓ HDAC activity ↔ mild modulation Driver Epigenetic reprogramming HDAC inhibition alters transcription of cell-cycle and apoptosis genes
3 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↑ ROS (transient / stress-inducing) ↓ ROS Secondary Redox signaling perturbation ROS rise reflects electrophilic stress rather than classic redox cycling
4 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G2/M or G1 arrest ↔ largely spared Secondary Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle arrest is a prominent phenotype in cancer cells
5 Intrinsic apoptosis ↑ apoptosis (context-dependent) ↔ protected Phenotypic Threshold-dependent cell death Apoptosis occurs when stress exceeds adaptive capacity
6 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB activation ↓ inflammatory NF-κB tone Secondary Suppression of inflammatory survival programs NF-κB inhibition supports anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1315- SFN,    Sulforaphane Induces Apoptosis of Acute Human Leukemia Cells Through Modulation of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3
- in-vitro, AML, K562
TumCP↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓,
1428- SFN,    Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters?
- Review, NA, NA
HDAC↓, NRF2↑,
1429- SFN,    Preclinical and clinical evaluation of sulforaphane for chemoprevention in the breast
- in-vivo, Nor, NA - Human, Nor, NA
*NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *HO-1↑, *Risk↑,
1472- SFN,    Sulforaphane Inhibits Autophagy and Induces Exosome-Mediated Paracrine Senescence via Regulating mTOR/TFE3
- in-vitro, ESCC, NA
TumCP↓, ROS↑, DNAdam↑,
1431- SFN,    Induction of the phase 2 response in mouse and human skin by sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *GSTA1↑, *HO-1↑,
1432- SFN,    Evaluation of biodistribution of sulforaphane after administration of oral broccoli sprout extract in melanoma patients with multiple atypical nevi
- Human, Melanoma, NA
other↑, decorin↑, *toxicity↓, IP-10/CXCL-10↓, MCP1↓, CXCL9↓, MIP-1β↓, IFN-γ↓,
1434- SFN,  GEM,    Sulforaphane Potentiates Gemcitabine-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects against Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Inhibiting HDAC Activity
- in-vitro, CCA, HuCCT1 - in-vitro, CCA, HuH28 - in-vivo, NA, NA
HDAC↓, ac‑H3↑, ChemoSen↑, tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, TumCI↓, VEGF↓, VEGFR2↓, Hif1a↓, eNOS↓, EMT?, TumCG↓, Ki-67↓, TUNEL↑, P21↑, p‑Chk2↑, CDC25↓, BAX↑, *ROS↓, NQO1?,
1436- SFN,  PacT,  docx,    Sulforaphane enhances the anticancer activity of taxanes against triple negative breast cancer by killing cancer stem cells
- in-vivo, BC, SUM159
NF-kB↓, ChemoSen↑, IL6↓, IL8↑,
1437- SFN,    Dietary Sulforaphane in Cancer Chemoprevention: The Role of Epigenetic Regulation and HDAC Inhibition
- Review, NA, NA
HDAC↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC2↓, HDAC3↓, HDAC8↓, eff↑, ac‑HSP90↑, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, hTERT/TERT↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, NQO1↑, miR-155↓, miR-200c↑, SOX9↓, *toxicity↓,
1452- SFN,    Sulforaphane Suppresses the Nicotine-Induced Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, GC, AGS
MMP9↓, p38↓, ERK↓, AP-1↓, ROS↓, NF-kB↓, TumCI↓, MMP9↓, HDAC↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, *memory↑, *cognitive↑,
1453- SFN,    Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
TumCG↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, H3↑, H4↑, HDAC↓, CDK1↑, CDK2↑, p19↑, *BioAv↑,
1723- SFN,    Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review
- Review, Var, NA
*NRF2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, AMPK↑, GSH↓,
1500- SFN,    A novel mechanism of chemoprotection by sulforaphane: inhibition of histone deacetylase
- in-vitro, Nor, HEK293 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
HDAC↓, P21↑, TOPflash↑,
1501- SFN,    The Inhibitory Effect of Sulforaphane on Bladder Cancer Cell Depends on GSH Depletion-Induced by Nrf2 Translocation
- in-vitro, CRC, T24/HTB-9
Dose↝, NRF2↑, GSH↓, eff↑,
1502- SFN,    Epigenetic targets of bioactive dietary components for cancer prevention and therapy
- Review, NA, NA
HDAC↓, AntiCan↑, DNMTs↓, hTERT/TERT↓, selectivity↑,
1507- SFN,    Sulforaphane retards the growth of human PC-3 xenografts and inhibits HDAC activity in human subjects
- in-vivo, Colon, NA - Human, Nor, NA
TumCG↓, HDAC↓, *BioAv↑, Dose∅, Half-Life∅,
1508- SFN,    Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↑, HDAC↓, TumCCA↓, eff↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Casp12?, Bcl-2↓, cl‑PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, IAP1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Telomerase↓, hTERT/TERT↓, ROS?, DNMTs↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, cMYB↓, MMP1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ERK↑, E-cadherin↑, CD44↓, MMP2↓, eff↑, IL2↑, IFN-γ↑, IL1β↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, ERK↓, NRF2↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSideEff↓,
1509- SFN,    Combination therapy in combating cancer
- Review, NA, NA
NRF2↑, ChemoSideEff↓, eff↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, eff↑, PSA↓, P53↑, Hif1a↓, CAIX↓, chemoR↓, 5HT↓,
1513- SFN,  acetaz,    Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis
- in-vitro, BrCC, H720 - in-vivo, BrCC, NA - in-vitro, BrCC, H727
eff↑, tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, P21↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, 5HT↓, NRF2↑,
1722- SFN,    Sulforaphane as an anticancer molecule: mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, enhancement of drug safety, and delivery systems
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, CYP1A1↓, CYP3A4↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, MAPK↑, P53↑, BAX↑, ChemoSen↑, HDAC↓, GSH↓, HO-1↑,
1499- SFN,    Sulforaphane suppresses metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway
- in-vitro, BC, NA
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓,
1724- SFN,    Sulforaphane: A review of its therapeutic potentials, advances in its nanodelivery, recent patents, and clinical trials
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, NRF2↑, HDAC↓, neuroP↑,
1725- SFN,    Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
- Review, Var, NA
*toxicity∅, AntiCan↑, antiOx↑, NRF2↑, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, P21↑, TumCCA↑, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4↑, DNAdam↑, Dose↝,
1726- SFN,    Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential
- Review, Var, NA
Dose↝, eff↝, IL1β↓, IL6↓, IL12↓, TNF-α↓, COX2↓, CXCR4↓, MPO↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, HSP90↓, VCAM-1↓, IKKα↓, NF-kB↓, HO-1↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, CHOP↑, survivin↓, XIAP↓, p38↑, Fas↑, PUMA↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, Twist↓, Zeb1↓, Vim↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, CD44↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, p50↓, P53↑, P21↑, GSH↑, SOD↑, GSTs↑, mTOR↓, Akt↓, PI3K↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, IGF-1↓, cMyc↓, CSCs↓,
1727- SFN,    Glucoraphanin, sulforaphane and myrosinase activity in germinating broccoli sprouts as affected by growth temperature and plant organs
- Analysis, Nor, NA
eff↑, eff↓,
1728- SFN,    Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens
- Review, Nor, NA
eff↑, eff↓,
110- SFN,    Sulforaphane regulates self-renewal of pancreatic cancer stem cells through the modulation of Sonic hedgehog-GLI pathway
- in-vivo, PC, NA
HH↓, Smo↓, Gli1↓, GLI2↓, Shh↓, VEGF↓, PDGFRA↓, EMT↓, Zeb1↓, Bcl-2↓, XIAP↓, E-cadherin↑, OCT4↓, Nanog↓, TumCG↑,
1730- SFN,    Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent
- Review, Var, NA
BioAv↓, BioAv↑, GSTA1↑, P450↓, TumCCA↑, HDAC↓, P21↑, p27↑, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, cycD1/CCND1↑, DNAdam↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, AIF↑, CDK1↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, NRF2↑, NF-kB↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, CSCs↓, CD133↓, CD44↓, ALDH↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, hTERT/TERT↓, MMP2↓, EMT↓, ALDH1A1↓, Wnt↓, NOTCH↓, ChemoSen↑, *Ki-67↓, *HDAC3↓, *HDAC↓,
1731- SFN,    Targeting cancer stem cells with sulforaphane, a dietary component from broccoli and broccoli sprouts
- Review, Var, NA
CSCs↓, ChemoSen↑, NF-kB↓, Shh↓, Smo↓, Gli1↓, GLI2↓, PI3K↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Nanog↓, COX2↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, ChemoSideEff↓, eff↑, *BioAv↑,
1482- SFN,    Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway: the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway
- in-vitro, Bladder, T24/HTB-9
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Casp8∅, cl‑PARP↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, eff↓, ER Stress↑, p‑NRF2↑, HO-1↑,
1474- SFN,    Sulforaphane induces p53‑deficient SW480 cell apoptosis via the ROS‑MAPK signaling pathway
- in-vitro, Colon, SW480
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, ROS↑, e-ERK↑, p38↑, P53∅, eff↓, ChemoSen↑,
1475- SFN,  Form,    Combination of Formononetin and Sulforaphane Natural Drug Repress the Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells via Impeding PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
TumCP↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, eff↑, ROS↑,
1476- SFN,  PDT,    Enhancement of cytotoxic effect on human head and neck cancer cells by combination of photodynamic therapy and sulforaphane
- in-vitro, HNSCC, NA
eff↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, eff↓, Casp↑,
1477- SFN,    Sulforaphane Induces Oxidative Stress and Death by p53-Independent Mechanism: Implication of Impaired Glutathione Recycling
- in-vitro, OS, MG63
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, ROS↑, GSR↓, GPx↓,
1478- SFN,  acet,    Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of combination between sulforaphane and acetaminophen in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
eff↑, NO↓, iNOS↓, COX2↓, IL1β↓, ROS↓,
1479- SFN,    Sulforaphane triggers Sirtuin 3-mediated ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells via activating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase/ mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
Ferroptosis↑, SIRT3↑, AMPK↑, mTOR↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, MDA↑, Iron↑,
1480- SFN,    Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death Through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
tumCV↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, cycA1/CCNA1↑, CycB/CCNB1↑, CDC25↓, CDK1↓, ROS↑, eff↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, ER Stress↑,
1481- SFN,  docx,    Combination of Low-Dose Sulforaphane and Docetaxel on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
ChemoSen↑, Casp3↑, ROS↑, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑, Glycolysis↓, GSH↓, GSH/GSSG↓, *toxicity↓,
1732- SFN,    Sulforaphane, a Dietary Component of Broccoli/Broccoli Sprouts, Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, SUM159 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCD↑, CSCs↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, *BioAv↑, angioG↓, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Casp3↑, *Half-Life∅,
1483- SFN,    Targeting p62 by sulforaphane promotes autolysosomal degradation of SLC7A11, inducing ferroptosis for osteosarcoma treatment
- in-vitro, OS, 143B - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293 - in-vivo, OS, NA
AntiCan↑, *toxicity∅, Ferroptosis↑, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, GSH↓, p62↑, SLC12A5↓, eff↓, GPx4↓, i-Iron↑, eff↓, MDA↑, TumVol↓, TumW↓, Ki-67↓, LC3B↑, *Weight∅,
1484- SFN,    Sulforaphane’s Multifaceted Potential: From Neuroprotection to Anticancer Action
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
neuroP↑, AntiCan↑, NRF2↑, HDAC↓, eff↑, *ROS↓, neuroP↑, HDAC↓, *toxicity∅, BioAv↑, eff↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, p‑RB1↓, Glycolysis↓, miR-30a-5p↑, TumCCA↑, TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, CardioT↓, angioG↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, *BioAv?, *Half-Life∅,
1494- SFN,  doxoR,    Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and attenuates its cardiotoxicity in a breast cancer model
- in-vivo, BC, NA - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Nor, MCF10
CardioT↓, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, NRF2∅, HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, Casp3↑, ER-α36↓, Remission↑, eff↑, ROS↑, selectivity?,
1495- SFN,  doxoR,    Sulforaphane protection against the development of doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure is associated with Nrf2 Upregulation
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*CardioT↓, *NRF2↑, *eff↓, *ROS↓,
1496- SFN,  VitD3,    Association between histone deacetylase activity and vitamin D-dependent gene expressions in relation to sulforaphane in human colorectal cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, Caco-2
eff↑, VDR↑, CYP11A1↓, HDAC↓,
1497- SFN,    Differential effects of sulforaphane on histone deacetylases, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in normal prostate cells versus hyperplastic and cancerous prostate cells
- in-vitro, Nor, PrEC - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
HDAC↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, H3↑, P21↑, selectivity↑,
1498- SFN,    Prolonged sulforaphane treatment activates survival signaling in nontumorigenic NCM460 colon cells but apoptotic signaling in tumorigenic HCT116 colon cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Nor, NCM460
selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, *p‑ERK↑, cMYB↓, selectivity↑, selectivity↑,

Showing Research Papers: 101 to 146 of 146
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 146

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   CYP1A1↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 5,   GSH↑, 1,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSR↓, 1,   GSTA1↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 4,   Iron↑, 1,   i-Iron↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1?, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 10,   NRF2∅, 1,   p‑NRF2↑, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 14,   SIRT3↑, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

AIF↑, 2,   CDC25↓, 2,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 3,   XIAP↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 2,   CAIX↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   CYP3A4↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 3,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Apoptosis↑, 12,   BAX↑, 4,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 3,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp12?, 1,   Casp3↑, 10,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 2,   Casp8↑, 3,   Casp8∅, 1,   Casp9↑, 6,   p‑Chk2↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 7,   Diablo↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   hTERT/TERT↓, 4,   IAP1↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 2,   PUMA↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,   TUNEL↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

H3↑, 2,   ac‑H3↑, 2,   H4↑, 1,   ac‑H4↑, 1,   miR-30a-5p↑, 1,   other↑, 1,   tumCV↓, 7,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,   HSP90↓, 1,   ac‑HSP90↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3B↑, 1,   p62↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 3,   DNMT1↓, 2,   DNMT3A↓, 2,   DNMTs↓, 4,   P53↑, 3,   P53∅, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 4,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK1↑, 2,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 2,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↑, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↑, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   p19↑, 1,   P21↑, 7,   p‑RB1↓, 1,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 10,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

ALDH↓, 1,   ALDH1A1↓, 1,   CD133↓, 1,   CD44↓, 3,   cMYB↓, 2,   CSCs↓, 4,   EMT?, 1,   EMT↓, 2,   ERK↓, 2,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   e-ERK↑, 1,   Gli1↓, 2,   HDAC↓, 18,   HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC2↓, 1,   HDAC3↓, 1,   HDAC8↓, 1,   HH↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 3,   mTOR↑, 1,   Nanog↓, 3,   NOTCH↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 2,   PDGFRA↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 4,   Shh↓, 2,   Smo↓, 2,   TOPflash↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,   TumCG↑, 1,   VDR↑, 1,   Wnt↓, 4,  

Migration ⓘ

AP-1↓, 1,   decorin↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   ER-α36↓, 1,   FAK↓, 1,   GLI2↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 2,   miR-155↓, 1,   miR-200c↑, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 5,   MMP9↓, 5,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   TumCI↓, 3,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 6,   TumMeta↓, 1,   Twist↓, 1,   VCAM-1↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 3,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 4,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 3,   eNOS↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 8,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 7,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

SLC12A5↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   CXCL9↓, 1,   CXCR4↓, 1,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL12↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 4,   IL2↑, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   IL8↑, 1,   IP-10/CXCL-10↓, 1,   MCP1↓, 1,   MIP-1β↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 6,   p50↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↓, 2,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

CDK6↓, 1,   CYP11A1↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 2,   chemoR↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 8,   Dose↝, 3,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↓, 10,   eff↑, 16,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life∅, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity?, 1,   selectivity↑, 7,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

hTERT/TERT↓, 4,   IL6↓, 3,   Ki-67↓, 2,   PSA↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   CardioT↓, 2,   ChemoSideEff↓, 3,   neuroP↑, 3,   Remission↑, 1,   TumVol↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 215

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

GSH↑, 1,   GSTA1↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   NQO1↑, 2,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 4,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

NADPH↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

p‑ERK↑, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   HDAC3↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ki-67↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv?, 1,   BioAv↑, 5,   eff↓, 1,   Half-Life∅, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Ki-67↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

CardioT↓, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   memory↑, 1,   Risk↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity∅, 3,   Weight∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 23

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:156  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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