| Features: |
| Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Antioxidant Properties: -Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees. Inflammation Reduction: -Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role -The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). -The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals. The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions. -One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells. Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway) -also has antiplatelet aggregation capability. -Note half-life 16–20 days. BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions) Pathways: - ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment. Lycopene may also be modified to be a "oxdiative product" which may change the behaviour. - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓, - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol). - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells |
| 287- | ALA, | HCA, | Lyco, | Metabolic treatment of cancer: intermediate results of a prospective case series |
| 3987- | betaCar, | Lyco, | Carotenoid bioavailability is higher from salads ingested with full-fat than with fat-reduced salad dressings as measured with electrochemical detection |
| - | Trial, | AD, | NA |
| 1566- | betaCar, | Lyco, | Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of lycopene in comparison with beta-carotene on oxidant-induced damage in Hs68 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HS68 |
| 4228- | Lyco, | A review for the pharmacological effect of lycopene in central nervous system disorders |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
| 4782- | Lyco, | New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4781- | Lyco, | 5-FU, | Chemo, | Cisplatin, | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of lycopene against 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in Caco2 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | Caco-2 |
| 4780- | Lyco, | Potential inhibitory effect of lycopene on prostate cancer |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 4779- | Lyco, | Lycopene Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated NF-κB Signaling and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 4778- | Lyco, | Lycopene exerts cytotoxic effects by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species–induced apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | GBM8401 |
| 4777- | Lyco, | Lycopene Inhibits Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Gastric Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 4230- | Lyco, | Supplementation of lycopene attenuates oxidative stress induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via Nrf2/NF-κB transcriptional pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 4229- | Lyco, | Implicating the role of lycopene in restoration of mitochondrial enzymes and BDNF levels in β-amyloid induced Alzheimer׳s disease |
| - | in-vivo, | AD, | NA |
| 3530- | Lyco, | Lycopene Scavenges Cellular ROS, Modulates Autophagy and Improves Survival through 7SK snRNA Interaction in Smooth Muscle Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Stroke, | NA |
| 4227- | Lyco, | Lycopene Alleviates Depression-Like Behavior in Chronic Social Defeat Stress-Induced Mice by Promoting Synaptic Plasticity via the BDNF-TrkB Pathway |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 4784- | Lyco, | Protective effects of lycopene in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases: An update on epidemiological and mechanistic perspectives |
| - | Review, | Diabetic, | NA | - | Review, | CardioV, | NA |
| 3828- | Lyco, | Lycopene alleviates oxidative stress via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2pathway in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | M146L |
| 3816- | Lyco, | Lut, | Zeax, | Serum lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease mortality in older adults |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3533- | Lyco, | Chemo, | Lycopene and chemotherapy toxicity |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3532- | Lyco, | Lycopene alleviates oxidative stress via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2pathway in a cell model of Alzheimer’s disease |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
| 3531- | Lyco, | Lycopene attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis in aristolochic acid nephropathy by targeting the Nrf2 antioxidant system |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 3529- | Lyco, | The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of lycopene in mice lungs exposed to cigarette smoke |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 4794- | Lyco, | Anticancer Effect of Lycopene in Gastric Carcinogenesis |
| - | Review, | GC, | NA |
| 4803- | Lyco, | Enhanced cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity of lycopene oxidation products in different cancer cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A431 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4801- | Lyco, | Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases |
| - | Review, | CardioV, | NA |
| 4800- | Lyco, | Recent insights on pharmacological potential of lycopene and its nanoformulations: an emerging paradigm towards improvement of human health |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4799- | Lyco, | Anticancer Properties of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4798- | Lyco, | Enhancing Anticancer Treatment Efficacy With Lycopene: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4797- | Lyco, | A mechanistic updated overview on lycopene as potential anticancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4796- | Lyco, | The Anti-proliferation Effects of Lycopene on Breast Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| 4795- | Lyco, | Updates on the Anticancer Profile of Lycopene and its Probable Mechanism against Breast and Gynecological Cancer |
| - | Review, | BC, | NA |
| 4783- | Lyco, | Lycopene suppresses gastric cancer cell growth without affecting normal gastric epithelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 4793- | Lyco, | Lycopene treatment inhibits activation of Jak1/Stat3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuates hyperproliferation in gastric epithelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 4792- | Lyco, | A Comprehensive Review on the Molecular Mechanism of Lycopene in Cancer Therapy |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4791- | Lyco, | Investigating into anti-cancer potential of lycopene: Molecular targets |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4790- | Lyco, | Role of Lycopene in the Control of ROS-Mediated Cell Growth: Implications in Cancer Prevention |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4789- | Lyco, | Inhibitory Effect of Lycopene on Amyloid-β-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | SH-SY5Y |
| 4788- | Lyco, | Lycopene as a potential anticancer agent: Current evidence on synergism, drug delivery systems and epidemiology (Review) |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4786- | Lyco, | Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of lycopene against three subtypes of human breast cancer cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-468 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 |
| 4785- | Lyco, | The Protective Anticancer Effect of Natural Lycopene Supercritical CO2 Watermelon Extracts in Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 3528- | Lyco, | The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
| 1714- | Lyco, | Lycopene reduces ovarian tumor growth and intraperitoneal metastatic load |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | OV-MZ-6 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 3261- | Lyco, | Lycopene and Vascular Health |
| - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3260- | Lyco, | Lycopene in human health |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 1720- | Lyco, | Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant Activities of Carotenoids |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 1719- | Lyco, | Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of prostate disease. |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1718- | Lyco, | The role of carotenoids in the prevention of human pathologies |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1717- | Lyco, | Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1716- | Lyco, | Anti-inflammatory Activity of β-Carotene, Lycopene and Tri-n-butylborane, a Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | RAW264.7 |
| 1715- | Lyco, | Pro-oxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Triggering Apoptosis of Cancer Cells: A Review of Emerging Evidence |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3262- | Lyco, | Lycopene inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and down-regulates the binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and stimulatory protein-1 |
| - | in-vitro, | adrenal, | SK-HEP-1 |
| 1713- | Lyco, | Lycopene: A Potent Antioxidant with Multiple Health Benefits |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 1712- | Lyco, | Lycopene Protects against Smoking-Induced Lung Cancer by Inducing Base Excision Repair |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 1711- | Lyco, | Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1710- | Lyco, | Lycopene: A Natural Arsenal in the War against Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases |
| - | Review, | CardioV, | NA |
| 1709- | Lyco, | Lycopene prevents carcinogen-induced cutaneous tumor by enhancing activation of the Nrf2 pathway through p62-triggered autophagic Keap1 degradation |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | JB6 |
| 1708- | Lyco, | The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1126- | Lyco, | Lycopene Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Apoptosis in Oral Cancer via PI3K/AKT/m-TOR Signal Pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Oral, | NA |
| 1041- | Lyco, | immuno, | Lycopene improves the efficiency of anti-PD-1 therapy via activating IFN signaling of lung cancer cells |
| - | in-vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 1013- | Lyco, | Lycopene induces apoptosis by inhibiting nuclear translocation of β-catenin in gastric cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 3275- | Lyco, | Multifaceted Effects of Lycopene: A Boulevard to the Multitarget-Based Treatment for Cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3286- | Lyco, | Inhibitory effects of lycopene on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3285- | Lyco, | Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet effect of lycopene with aspirin and the effect of their combination on platelet aggregation: An in vitro study |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3281- | Lyco, | Chemo, | Lycopene Supplementation for Patients Under Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3280- | Lyco, | Lycopene as A Carotenoid Provides Radioprotectant and Antioxidant Effects by Quenching Radiation-Induced Free Radical Singlet Oxygen: An Overview |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3279- | Lyco, | The role of lycopene and its derivatives in the regulation of transcription systems: implications for cancer prevention |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3278- | Lyco, | Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | SW480 |
| 3277- | Lyco, | Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3276- | Lyco, | Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma |
| - | in-vivo, | HCC, | NA |
| 3287- | Lyco, | Recent technological strategies for enhancing the stability of lycopene in processing and production |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 3274- | Lyco, | Lycopene enhances the sensitivity of castration-resistant prostate cancer to enzalutamide through the AKT/EZH2/ androgen receptor signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | 22Rv1 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | C4-2B |
| 3273- | Lyco, | Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3268- | Lyco, | Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3267- | Lyco, | Lycopene inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting MMP-2/uPA system through VEGFR2-mediated PI3K-Akt and ERK/p38 signaling pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 3266- | Lyco, | Effects of lycopene on number and function of human peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells cultivated with high glucose |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3265- | Lyco, | Lycopene inhibits pyroptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL through the AMPK/mTOR/NLRP3 pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
| 3264- | Lyco, | Pharmacological potentials of lycopene against aging and aging‐related disorders: A review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3263- | Lyco, | Lycopene protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | H9c2 | - | in-vitro, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3534- | QC, | Lyco, | Synergistic protection of quercetin and lycopene against oxidative stress via SIRT1-Nox4-ROS axis in HUVEC cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
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