Database Query Results : Lycopene, , chemoP

Lyco, Lycopene: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Antioxidant Properties:
-Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees.
Inflammation Reduction:
-Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression

At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role
-The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals.

The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions.
-One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells.

Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway)
-also has antiplatelet aggregation capability.

-Note half-life 16–20 days.
BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions)
Pathways:
- ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment. Lycopene may also be modified to be a "oxdiative product" which may change the behaviour.
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


chemoP, ChemoProtective: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Protects normal cells against the effect of Chemo.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4781- Lyco,  5-FU,  Chemo,  Cisplatin,    Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of lycopene against 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity in Caco2 cells
- in-vitro, Colon, Caco-2
chemoP↑, One such useful natural antioxidant that has been widely investigated to suppress chemotherapy induced side effects of drugs such as cisplatin is lycopene
Inflam↓, lycopene was found to significantly suppress inflammatory responses in CC cells by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines expression like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α)
COX2↓,
IL1β↓,
IL6↓,
TNF-α↓,
ROS↑, Our results indicated the cells treatment with 60 µg/ml lycopene significantly increased ROS generation
ChemoSen↑, Furthermore, L60 and L120 seemed to enhance 5FU-induced ROS generation
SOD↓, significant increase SOD activity

3533- Lyco,  Chemo,    Lycopene and chemotherapy toxicity
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, Lycopene is a major carotenoid present in tomatoes, and it is a potent antioxidant that may provide protection against cellular damage caused by ROS.
*antiOx↑,
*chemoP↑, Lycopene may reduce or prevent the side effects of chemotherapy due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
*Inflam↓,

4788- Lyco,    Lycopene as a potential anticancer agent: Current evidence on synergism, drug delivery systems and epidemiology (Review)
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, It may be associated with a reduction in the morbidity and mortality of several types of cancer, making it a prom‑ ising anticancer agent
ChemoSen↑, present review summarizes the synergistic effects of lycopene as a dietary supplement with other chemotherapy drugs or nutrients, for the enhancement of anticancer effects or the reduction of side effects from chemotherapy drugs.
chemoP↑,
Dose↝, Shao and Hathcock (20) proposed a 75 mg/day intake as the upper limit of lycopene for supplements, as no adverse effects were reported from continuous administration of 75 mg/day lycopene in a 4‑week clinical study
BioAv↑, Thermal processing of tomato products can cause changes in the structure of lycopene to shift and yield cis‑isomers in the product and this form is more bioavailable
BioAv↑, The presence of fat in food also helps enhance the absorption of lycopene (40) and its absorption is influenced by the amount of ingested fat, and the type and emulsification of dietary fat
BioAv↓, avoid the consumption of lycopene concurrently with high dietary fiber, as several types of dietary fiber (e.g. pectin, guar, alginate, etc.) are associated with lower bioavailability of lycopene
cardioP↑, figure 2
AntiDiabetic↑,
hepatoP↑,
neuroP↑,
MAPK↓, 2 mg/kg; 5 mg/kg Inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway (48) and decreased MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 activities through the activation of NM23‑H1, TIMP‑1 and TIMP‑2 expression.
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
TIMP1↑,
TIMP2↑,

3279- Lyco,    The role of lycopene and its derivatives in the regulation of transcription systems: implications for cancer prevention
- Review, Var, NA
chemoP↑, molecular mechanisms whereby lycopene and other carotenoids may exert their chemoprotective effects


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 4

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
AntiCan↑,1,   AntiDiabetic↑,1,   BioAv↓,1,   BioAv↑,2,   cardioP↑,1,   chemoP↑,3,   ChemoSen↑,2,   COX2↓,1,   Dose↝,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   IL1β↓,1,   IL6↓,1,   Inflam↓,1,   MAPK↓,1,   MMP2↓,1,   MMP9↓,1,   neuroP↑,1,   ROS↑,1,   SOD↓,1,   TIMP1↑,1,   TIMP2↑,1,   TNF-α↓,1,  
Total Targets: 22

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
antiOx↑,1,   chemoP↑,1,   Inflam↓,1,   ROS↓,1,  
Total Targets: 4

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: chemoP, ChemoProtective
4 Lycopene
2 Chemotherapy
1 5-fluorouracil
1 Cisplatin
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:119  Target#:1171  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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