Database Query Results : Lycopene, , cognitive

Lyco, Lycopene: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Antioxidant Properties:
-Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees.
Inflammation Reduction:
-Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression

At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role
-The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals.

The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions.
-One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells.

Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway)
-also has antiplatelet aggregation capability.

-Note half-life 16–20 days.
BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions)
Pathways:
- ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


cognitive, cognitive: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Cognitive


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3268- Lyco,    Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders
- Review, AD, NA
*BioAv↓, Lycopene bioavailability can be decreased by ageing, and some of the pathological states, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
*AntiCan↑, For instance, it has been shown that a higher dietary intake and circulating concentration of lycopene have protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa), in a dose-dependent way
*ROCK1↓, It remarkably lessened the expression of ROCK1, Ki-67, ICAM-1 and ROCK2,
*Ki-67↓,
*ICAM-1↓,
*cardioP↑, Lycopene is a cardioprotective nutraceutical.
*antiOx↑, Lycopene is a well-known antioxidant.
*NQO1↑, Furthermore, lycopene supplementation improves mRNA expressions of the NQO-1 and HO-1 as antioxidant enzymes.
*HO-1↑,
*TNF-α↓, downregulate inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the hippocampus of the mice.
*IL22↓,
*NRF2↑, Lycopene decreased neuronal oxidative damage by activating Nrf2, as well as by inactivating NF-κB translocation in H2O2-related SH-SY5Y cell model
*NF-kB↓,
*MDA↓, significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA)
*Catalase↑, Furthermore, it improved the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH levels, and antioxidant capacity [109].
*SOD↑,
*GSH↑,
*cognitive↑, Lycopene administration considerably improved cognitive defects, noticeably reduced MDA levels and elevated GSH-Px activity, and remarkably reduced tau
*tau↓,
*hepatoP↑, Lycopene was also found to be effective against hepatotoxicity by acting as an antioxidant, regulating total glutathione (tGSH) and CAT concentrations
*MMP2↑, It also elevated MMP-2 down-regulation
*AST↓, lowering the liver enzymes levels, like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), LDL, free fatty acid, and MDA.
*ALAT↓,
*P450↑, Moreover, tomato powder has been shown to have a protective agent against alcohol-induced hepatic injury by inducing cytochrome p450 2E1
*DNAdam↓, lycopene decreased DNA damage
*ROS↓, It has been revealed that they inhibited ROS production, protected antioxidant enzymes, and reversed hepatotoxicity in rats’ liver
*neuroP↑, lycopene consumption relieved cognitive defects, age-related memory loss, neuronal damage, and synaptic dysfunction of the brain.
*memory↑,
*Ca+2↓, Lycopene suppressed the 4-AP-invoked release of glutamate and elevated intra-synaptosomal Ca2+ level.
*Dose↝, an in vivo study revealed that lycopene (6.5 mg/day) was effective against cancer in men [147]. However, lycopene dose should be increased up to 10 mg/day, in the case of advanced PCa.
*Dose↑, lycopene supplementation (15 mg/day, for 12 weeks) in an old aged population improved immune function through increasing natural killer cell activity by 28%
*Dose↝, Finally, according to different epidemiological studies, daily lycopene intake can be suggested to be 2 to 20 mg per day
*toxicity∅, A toxicological study on rats showed the no-observed-adverse-effect level at the highest examined dose (i.e., 1.0% in the diet)
PGE2↓, Lycopene doses of 0, 10, 20, and 30 µM were used to treat human colorectal cancer cell. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and NO levels declined after lycopene administration,
CDK2↓, Treatment with lycopene reduced cell hyperproliferation induced by UVB and ultimately promoted apoptosis and reduced CDK2 and CDK4 complex in SKH-1 hairless mice
CDK4↓,
STAT3↓, lycopene reduced the STAT3 expression in ovarian tissues
NOX↓, (SK-Hep-1) cells and indicated a substantial reduction in NOX activity. Moreover, it inhibits the protein expression of NOX4, NOX4 mRNA and ROS intracellular amounts
NOX4↓,
ROS↓,
*SREBP1↓, Lycopene decreases the fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) expression in HFD mice.
*FASN↓,
*ACC↓,

4228- Lyco,    A review for the pharmacological effect of lycopene in central nervous system disorders
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*cognitive↑, Lycopene also improves cognition and memory ability of rodents in different pathological conditions, such as diabetes, colchicine exposure, high-fat diet (HFD), and aging.
*memory↑,
*Inflam↓, inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and restoration of mitochondrial function have been shown to mediate the neuroprotective effects of lycopene.
*Apoptosis↓,
*ROS↓,
*neuroP↑,
*NF-kB↓, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and restoration of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis,
*JNK↓,
*NRF2↑,
*BDNF↑,
*MDA↓, 8 weeks of lycopene treatment (5 mg/kg) has been shown to reverse malondialdehyde (MDA) increase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decrease in serum in tau transgenic mice expressing P301 L mutation
*GPx↑,

4229- Lyco,    Implicating the role of lycopene in restoration of mitochondrial enzymes and BDNF levels in β-amyloid induced Alzheimer׳s disease
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, beneficial therapeutic effects, which include anti-oxidant, neuro-protective and anti-cancer effects
*neuroP↑,
*AntiCan↑,
*memory↑, Chronic administration of lycopene resulted in an improvement in memory retention, attenuation of mitochondrial-oxidative damage, reduced neuro-inflammation and restoration of BDNF level in β-A1-42 treated rats.
*ROS↓,
*BDNF↑,
*cognitive↑, lycopene helps to protect β-A1-42 induced cognitive dysfunction and modulates amyloidogenesis.

4230- Lyco,    Supplementation of lycopene attenuates oxidative stress induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via Nrf2/NF-κB transcriptional pathway
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*BDNF↑, LYC ameliorated histopathological damage and restored brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus of mice.
*antiOx↑, LYC also significantly elevated antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in the d-galactose-treated mice serum.
*Inflam↓,
*HO-1↑, LYC treatment activated the mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1, and downregulated inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α
*NQO1↑,
*IL1β↓,
*TNF-α↓,
*ROS↓, LYC attenuated neuronal oxidative damage through activation of Nrf2 signaling
*NRF2↑,
*cognitive↑, LYC could ameliorate oxidative stress induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment possibly via mediating Nrf2/NF-κB transcriptional pathway.
*BBB↑, LYC exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo and possesses blood brain barrier permeability


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 4

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
CDK2↓,1,   CDK4↓,1,   NOX↓,1,   NOX4↓,1,   PGE2↓,1,   ROS↓,1,   STAT3↓,1,  
Total Targets: 7

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
ACC↓,1,   ALAT↓,1,   AntiCan↑,2,   antiOx↑,3,   Apoptosis↓,1,   AST↓,1,   BBB↑,1,   BDNF↑,3,   BioAv↓,1,   Ca+2↓,1,   cardioP↑,1,   Catalase↑,1,   cognitive↑,4,   DNAdam↓,1,   Dose↑,1,   Dose↝,2,   FASN↓,1,   GPx↑,1,   GSH↑,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   HO-1↑,2,   ICAM-1↓,1,   IL1β↓,1,   IL22↓,1,   Inflam↓,2,   JNK↓,1,   Ki-67↓,1,   MDA↓,2,   memory↑,3,   MMP2↑,1,   neuroP↑,3,   NF-kB↓,2,   NQO1↑,2,   NRF2↑,3,   P450↑,1,   ROCK1↓,1,   ROS↓,4,   SOD↑,1,   SREBP1↓,1,   tau↓,1,   TNF-α↓,2,   toxicity∅,1,  
Total Targets: 42

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: cognitive, cognitive
4 Lycopene
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