Lycopene / Bcl-2 Cancer Research Results

Lyco, Lycopene: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Antioxidant Properties:
-Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees.
Inflammation Reduction:
-Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression

At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role
-The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals.

The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions.
-One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells.

Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway)
-also has antiplatelet aggregation capability.

-Note half-life 16–20 days.
BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions)
Pathways:
- ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment. Lycopene may also be modified to be a "oxdiative product" which may change the behaviour.
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Label Primary Interpretation Notes
1 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ↓ ROS ↓ ROS Driver Potent antioxidant activity Lycopene is a strong singlet-oxygen quencher with antioxidant dominance
2 IGF-1 / PI3K → AKT signaling ↓ IGF-1 signaling; ↓ AKT ↔ minimal Secondary Growth factor signaling attenuation Reduced IGF-1–driven proliferation is a key cancer-relevant effect
3 Cell cycle regulation ↑ G0/G1 arrest ↔ spared Phenotypic Cytostatic growth control Cell-cycle effects reflect growth factor modulation
4 Gap junction communication (connexins) ↑ gap junction signaling ↑ gap junction signaling Secondary Normalization of cell–cell communication Enhanced gap junctions are associated with reduced tumor progression
5 NF-κB / inflammatory signaling ↓ inflammatory signaling ↓ inflammatory tone Secondary Anti-inflammatory environment Inflammation reduction contributes to chemopreventive effects


Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj (inhibit) CGL-Driver Genes
Type: Antiapoptotic Oncogene
The proteins of BCL-2 family are classified into three subgroups, i.e., the anti-apoptotic/pro-survival proteins represented by BCL-2 and BCL-XL, the pro-apoptotic proteins represented by BAX and Bak, and the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins represented by BAD and BID.
Since the expression of Bcl-2 protein in tumor cells is much higher than that in normal cells, inhibitors targeting it have little effect on normal cells.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3531- Lyco,    Lycopene attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis in aristolochic acid nephropathy by targeting the Nrf2 antioxidant system
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *ROS↓, *mtDam↓, *Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, *Casp9↓, *Casp3↓, *Apoptosis↓, *RenoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL10↓,
4797- Lyco,    A mechanistic updated overview on lycopene as potential anticancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, antiOx↓, Apoptosis↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Risk↓, ROS↓, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GSTs↑, ARE↑, NRF2↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↑, CDK2↑, p27↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, P53↑, ChemoSen↑,
4794- Lyco,    Anticancer Effect of Lycopene in Gastric Carcinogenesis
- Review, GC, NA
*AntiCan↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, ERK↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, *DNAdam↓,
4791- Lyco,    Investigating into anti-cancer potential of lycopene: Molecular targets
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCI↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, *Risk↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CycD3↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, Bcl-2↓, P21↑, p27↑, P53↑, BAX↑, selectivity↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Wnt↓, eff↑, PPARγ↑, LDL↓, Akt↓, PI3K↓, mTOR↓, PDGF↓, NF-kB↓, eff↑,
4784- Lyco,    Protective effects of lycopene in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases: An update on epidemiological and mechanistic perspectives
- Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, CardioV, NA
*antiOx↑, *IL8↓, *IL6↓, *IL1↓, *NF-kB↓, Inflam↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Bcl-2↓, NF-kB↓, *Nrf1↑, *antiOx↑, *BDNF↑, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, ROS↑, Dose↝,
1126- Lyco,    Lycopene Inhibits Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Apoptosis in Oral Cancer via PI3K/AKT/m-TOR Signal Pathway
- vitro+vivo, Oral, NA
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, EMT↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, E-cadherin↓, BAX↑, N-cadherin↓, p‑PI3K↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, Bcl-2↓,
3277- Lyco,    Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumMeta↑, ChemoSen↑, BioAv↓, Dose↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GPx↑, IL2↑, IL4↑, IL1↑, TNF-α↑, GSH↑, GPx↑, GSTA1↑, GSR↑, PPARγ↑, Casp3↑, NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Bcl-2↑, BAX↓, P53↓, CHK1↓, Chk2↓, γH2AX↓, DNAdam↓, ROS↓, P21↑, PCNA↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, PGE2↓, ERK↓, cMyc↓, cycE/CCNE↓, JAK1↓, STAT3↓, SIRT1↑, cl‑PARP↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, TNF-α↓, IL6↓, p65↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, Wnt↓,
3263- Lyco,    Lycopene protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening
- in-vitro, Nor, H9c2 - in-vitro, Stroke, NA
*Apoptosis↓, *MMP↑, *Cyt‑c↓, *APAF1↓, *cl‑Casp9↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *Bcl-2↑, *BAX↓, cardioP↑,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 8 of 8

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 8

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 1,   ARE↑, 1,   Catalase↑, 2,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTA1↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↓, 1,   LDL↓, 1,   PPARγ↑, 2,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 2,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 4,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 4,   Bcl-2↓, 5,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Chk2↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   p27↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

CHK1↓, 1,   DNAdam↓, 1,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 2,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,   γH2AX↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK2↑, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 4,   CycD3↓, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 2,   cycE/CCNE↑, 1,   P21↑, 2,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   ERK↓, 2,   mTOR↓, 2,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   p‑PI3K↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 1,   Wnt↓, 2,  

Migration ⓘ

E-cadherin↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 2,   MMP9↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   PDGF↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCMig↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 4,   TumMeta↓, 1,   TumMeta↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 1,   IL1↑, 1,   IL2↑, 1,   IL4↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   JAK1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 3,   p65↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,   TNF-α↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 2,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 90

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   GPx↑, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   Nrf1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

APAF1↓, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 2,   BAX↓, 2,   Bcl-2↑, 2,   Casp3↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   cl‑Casp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

BDNF↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 37

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Bcl-2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
8 Lycopene
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:119  Target#:27  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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