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| Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. Antioxidant Properties: -Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees. Inflammation Reduction: -Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role -The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). -The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals. The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions. -One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells. Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway) -also has antiplatelet aggregation capability. -Note half-life 16–20 days. BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions) Pathways: - ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment. Lycopene may also be modified to be a "oxdiative product" which may change the behaviour. - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓, - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol). - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells
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| Risk: by definition reduces risk of disease or cancer. Down Target direction of risk indicates lower cancer risk. ChemoPreventive also mean lower cancer risk. But for Chemopreventive an up arrow indicates more preventive.
Cancer Risk Impact Score (CRIS)
CRIS scale:
–5 = very strong risk reduction
–4 = strong risk reduction
–3 = moderate risk reduction
–2 = modest risk reduction
–1 = weak / context-dependent
0 = neutral
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| 3816- | Lyco, | Lut, | Zeax, | Serum lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease mortality in older adults |
| - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 4793- | Lyco, | Lycopene treatment inhibits activation of Jak1/Stat3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and attenuates hyperproliferation in gastric epithelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 4799- | Lyco, | Anticancer Properties of Lycopene |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4797- | Lyco, | A mechanistic updated overview on lycopene as potential anticancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4796- | Lyco, | The Anti-proliferation Effects of Lycopene on Breast Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MCF10 |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4792- | Lyco, | A Comprehensive Review on the Molecular Mechanism of Lycopene in Cancer Therapy |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4791- | Lyco, | Investigating into anti-cancer potential of lycopene: Molecular targets |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4786- | Lyco, | Anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of lycopene against three subtypes of human breast cancer cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-468 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:% IllCat:% CanType:% Cells:% prod#:119 Target#:785 State#:% Dir#:%
wNotes=0 sortOrder:rid,rpid