condition found tbRes List
SK, Shikonin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
The (R)-enantiomer of alkannin is known as shikonin, and the racemic mixture of the two is known as shikalkin.
Shikonin is a naphthoquinone derivative primarily isolated from the roots of plants in the Boraginaceae family (e.g., Lithospermum erythrorhizon).
Shikonin is the main active component of a Chinese medicinal plant 'Zi Cao'
-Shikonin is a major component of zicao (purple gromwell, the dried root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon), a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties
-Quinone methides (QMs) are highly reactive intermediates formed from natural compounds like shikonin
-ic50 cancer cells 1-10uM, normal cells >10uM

-known as Glycolysis inhibitor: ( inhibit pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2*******), a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway)

Available from mcsformulas.com Shikonin Pro Liposomal, 30 mg
Also In Glycolysis Inhibithree(100 mg PHLORIZIN,10 mg TANSHINONE IIA, 8 mg Shikonin)

-Note half-life15-30mins or 8hr?.
BioAv low, poor water solubility
Pathways:
- usually induce ROS production in cancer cells, and reduce ROS in normal cells.
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓,
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, TrxR↓**, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ GPx4↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, ERK↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, P53↑,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


TumMeta, Cancer Metastasis: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Cancer metastasis is the process by which cancer cells spread from the original (primary) tumor to other parts of the body, forming new (secondary) tumors. This occurs when cancer cells invade surrounding tissues, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant organs or tissues.


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3041- SK,    Promising Nanomedicines of Shikonin for Cancer Therapy
- Review, Var, NA
Glycolysis↓, SHK could regulate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through inhibiting glycolysis of tumor cells and repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
TAMS↝,
BioAv↓, HK is a hydrophobic natural molecule with unsatisfactory solubility, rapid intestinal absorption, obvious “first pass” effect, and rapid clearance, leading to low oral bioavailability.
Half-Life↝, SHK displays a half-life of 15.15 ± 1.41 h and Cmax of 0.94 ± 0.11 μg/ml in rats when administered intravenously.
P21↑, Table 1
ERK↓,
ROS↑,
GSH↓,
MMP↓,
TrxR↓,
MMP13↓,
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
SIRT2↑,
Hif1a↓,
PKM2↓,
TumCP↓, Inhibit Cell Proliferation
TumMeta↓, Inhibit Cells Metastasis and Invasion
TumCI↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
BioAv↓,1,   ERK↓,1,   Glycolysis↓,1,   GSH↓,1,   Half-Life↝,1,   Hif1a↓,1,   MMP↓,1,   MMP13↓,1,   MMP2↓,1,   MMP9↓,1,   P21↑,1,   PKM2↓,1,   ROS↑,1,   SIRT2↑,1,   TAMS↝,1,   TrxR↓,1,   TumCI↓,1,   TumCP↓,1,   TumMeta↓,1,  
Total Targets: 19

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: TumMeta, Cancer Metastasis
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:150  Target#:604  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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