ALA, Alpha-Lipoic-Acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: antioxidant, energy production in cell mitochondria
Alpha-Lipoic-Acid: also known as lipoic acid or thioctic acid (reduced form is dihydrolipoic acid).
"Universal antioxidant" because it is both water- and fat-soluble and can neutralize free radicals.
-Treatment sometimes as ALA/N (alpha-lipoic acid/low-dose naltresone)
-Also done in IV
-Decreases ROS production, but also has pro-oxidant role.
Normal adult can take 300 milligrams twice a day with food, but they should always take a B-complex vitamin with it. Because B complex vitamins, especially thiamine, and biotin, and riboflavin, are depleted during this metabolic process.
α-Lipoic acid acts as a chelating agent for metal ions, a quenching agent for reactive oxygen species, and a reducing agent for the oxidized form of glutathione and vitamins C and E.
-It seems a paradox that LA functions as both antioxidant and prooxidant. LA functions the pro-oxidant only in special cancer cells, such as A549 and PC9 cells which should show high-level NRF2 expression and high glycolytic level. Through inhibiting PDK1 to further prohibit NRF2; LA functions as anticancer prooxidant.

α-lipoic acid possesses excellent silver chelating properties.

- ALA acts as pro-Oxidant only in cancer cells:#278 - Pro-Oxidant Dose margin >100uM:#304

- Bioavailability: 80-90%, but conversion to EPA/DHA is 5-10% (and takes longer time).
- AI (Adequate Intake): 1.1-1.6g/day.
- human studies have shown that ALA levels decline significantly with age
- 1g of ALA might achieve 500uM in the blood.
- ALA is poorly soluble, lecithin has been used as an amphiphilic matrix to enhance its bioavailability.
- Pilot studies or observational interventions have used flaxseed supplementation (rich in ALA) in doses providing roughly 3–4 g of ALA daily.
- Flaxseed oil is even more concentrated in ALA – typical 50–60% ALA by weight.
- single walnut may contain 300mg of ALA
- chia oil contains 55-65% ALA.
- α-LA can also be obtained from the diet through the consumption of dark green leafy vegetables and meats
- ALA is more stable in chia seeds, (2grams of ALA per tablespoon)
- ALA degrades when exposed to heat, light, and air. (prone to oxidation)

-Note half-life 1-2 hrs.
BioAv 30-40% from walnuts, 60-80% from supplements. Co-ingestion with fat improves absorption. Both fat and water soluble
Pathways:
- induce ROS production
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑,
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- small indication of inhibiting Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CD24↓, β-catenin↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3437- ALA,    Revisiting the molecular mechanisms of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) actions on metabolism
- Review, Var, NA
*IronCh↑, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *NF-kB↓, *AMPK⇅, *FAO↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt?,
3447- ALA,    Redox Active α-Lipoic Acid Differentially Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer and Its Control Cells
- in-vitro, AD, SH-SY5Y
*ATP↑, *MMP↑, *ROS↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *GSH↑, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *Ach↑, *Inflam↓, *Aβ↓, OXPHOS↓,
3446- ALA,  CUR,    The Potential Protective Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid on N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Acetamide-induced Hepatotoxicity Through Downregulation of α-SMA and Collagen III Expression
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *α-SMA↓, *COL3A1↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓, *MDA↓,
3445- ALA,  Rad,    The radioprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on radiotherapy-induced toxicities: A systematic review
- Review, Var, NA
*radioP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,
3444- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Nootropic Review: Benefits, Use, Dosage & Side Effects
- Review, NA, NA
*BBB↑, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑,
3443- ALA,    Molecular and Therapeutic Insights of Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a Potential Molecule for Disease Prevention
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *cognitive↑, *cardioP↓, AntiCan↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↓, *AntiAge↑, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↝, other↝, EGFR↓, Akt↓, ROS↓, TumCCA↑, p27↑, PDH↑, Glycolysis↓, ROS↑, *eff↑, *memory↑, *motorD↑, *GutMicro↑,
3442- ALA,    α‑lipoic acid modulates prostate cancer cell growth and bone cell differentiation
- in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B - in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ROS↑, Hif1a↑, JNK↑, Casp↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑,
3441- ALA,    α-Lipoic Acid Maintains Brain Glucose Metabolism via BDNF/TrkB/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in P301S Mice
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*tau↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *GLUT3↑, *GLUT4↑, *VEGF↑, *HO-1↑, *Glycolysis↑, *HK1↑, *PGC-1α↑, *Hif1a↑, *neuroP↑,
3440- ALA,    Protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) are mediated by hormetic mechanisms
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *cardioP?,
3439- ALA,    The effect of alpha lipoic acid on the developmental competence of mouse isolated preantral follicles
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*ROS↓, *TAC↑, *eff↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *antiOx↑,
3438- ALA,    The Potent Antioxidant Alpha Lipoic Acid
- Review, NA, NA - Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *cognitive↑, *AntiAge↑, *Inflam↓, *AntiCan↑, *neuroP↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↑, *Weight↓, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *NRF2↑, *ChAT↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑,
3448- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis, inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress via inhibition of TRPA1 channel in human glioblastoma cell line
*Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *MMP↑,
3436- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid modulates metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer stem cells enriched 3D spheroids by targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: In silico and in vitro insights Author links open overlay panel
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
ChemoSen↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, ATP↓, GlucoseCon↓, ROS↑, PKM2↓, Glycolysis↓, CSCs↓, IGF-1R↓, Furin↓, RadioS↑,
3434- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid modulates metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer stem cells enriched 3D spheroids by targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase: In silico and in vitro insights
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
tumCV↓, PI3K↓, p‑Akt↓, p‑P70S6K↓, mTOR↓, ATP↓, GlucoseCon↓, ROS↑, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, Glycolysis↓, ChemoSen↑,
3433- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid promotes development of hematopoietic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells by antagonizing ROS signals
*ROS↓, *Apoptosis↓, *Hif1a↑, *FOXO1↑, *FOXO3↑, *ATM↑, *SIRT1↑, *SIRT3↑, *CD34↑,
3284- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Mediates Clearance of Iron Accumulation by Regulating Iron Metabolism in a Parkinson's Disease Model Induced by 6-OHDA
- vitro+vivo, Park, NA
*antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Iron↓, *BBB↑, *motorD↑, *GSH↑,
3283- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *GSSG↓, *VCAM-1↓, *E-sel↓, *ICAM-1↓, *MCP1↓, *NF-kB↓, IKKα↓,
3272- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *glucose↑, *eNOS↑, *NRF2↑, *MMP9↓, *VCAM-1↓, *NF-kB↓, *cardioP↑, *cognitive↑, *eff↓, *BBB↑, *IronCh↑, *GSH↑, *PKCδ↑, *ERK↑, *p38↑, *MAPK↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *PTEN↓, *AMPK↑, *GLUT4↑, *GLUT1↑, *Inflam↓,
3271- ALA,    Decrypting the potential role of α-lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *memory↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *IronCh↑, *NRF2↑, *BBB↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *p‑tau↓, *Aβ↓, *cognitive↑, *Hif1a↑, *Ca+2↓, *GLUT3↑, *GLUT4↑, *HO-1↑, *VEGF↑, *PDKs↓, *PDH↑, *VCAM-1↓, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *hepatoP↑, *ChAT↑,
3270- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Alzheimer's disease--a 48 months follow-up analysis
- Trial, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *other↝, *neuroP↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑,
3269- ALA,    Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
- NA, AD, NA
*AChE↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *ACC↑, *GSH↑, *Aβ↓, *Catalase↑, *GSR↑, *GSTs↑, *NADPH↑, *NQO1↑, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *lipid-P↓, *BBB↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,
3542- ALA,    Chelation: Harnessing and Enhancing Heavy Metal Detoxification—A Review
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *VitE↑, *VitC↑, *GSH↑, *IronCh↑, *BioAv↑, *BBB↑,
3552- ALA,    The dietary fatty acids α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) selectively inhibit microglial nitric oxide production
- in-vitro, AD, BV2
*NO↓, *cognitive↑,
3551- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid treatment in late middle age improves cognitive function: Proteomic analysis of the protective mechanisms in the hippocampus
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *Apoptosis↓, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *BioAv↝, *neuroP↑,
3550- ALA,    Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Beneficial or Harmful in Alzheimer's Disease?
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *BioAv↓, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive↑, *neuroP↑, *BBB↑, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *ChAT↑, *cognitive↑, *eff↑, *cAMP↑, *IL2↓, *INF-γ↓, *TNF-α↓, *SIRT1↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑,
3549- ALA,    Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia
- Review, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *other↝, *other↝, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↝, *adiP↑, *BBB↑, *Casp6↓, *Casp9↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *iNOS↓, *COX2↓, *JNK↓, *p‑NF-kB↓, *Aβ↓, *BP↓, *memory↑, *cAMP↑, *ERK↑, *Akt↑, cognitive?,
3548- ALA,    How Alpha Linolenic Acid May Sustain Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Boost Brain Resilience against Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*BBB↑, *other↑, *other↑,
3547- ALA,    Potential Therapeutic Effects of Lipoic Acid on Memory Deficits Related to Aging and Neurodegeneration
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*memory↑, *neuroP↑, *motorD↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *5HT↑, *lipid-P↓, *IronCh↑, *AChE↓, *Inflam↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *GLUT3↑, *GLUT4↑, NF-kB↓, *IGF-1↑, *IL1β↑, *TNF-α↑, *cognitive↑, *ChAT↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑,
3546- ALA,    Cognitive and Mood Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation in a Nonclinical Elder Sample: An Open-Label Pilot Study
- Study, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive∅, *lipid-P↓, *memory↑, *ChAT↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑, *Aβ↓, *BioAv↑, *BBB↑, *toxicity∅,
3545- ALA,    Potential therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid in memory disorders
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *VCAM-1↓, *5HT↑, *memory↑, *BioAv↝, *Half-Life↓, *NF-kB↓, *antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *ATP↑, *ChAT↑, *Ach↑, *cognitive↑, *lipid-P↓, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *Aβ↓,
3544- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid for dementia
- Review, AD, NA
*antiOx↑, *BBB↑, *VitC↑, *VitE↑, *GSH↑, *IronCh↑, *neuroP↑, *NO↓, *cognitive↑, *AntiAge↑, *memory↑, *ROS↓,
3543- ALA,    The Effect of Lipoic Acid Therapy on Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
- Study, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *Ach↑, *ROS↓, *GlucoseCon↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *Acetyl-CoA↑,
259- ALA,    Increased ROS generation and p53 activation in alpha-lipoic acid-induced apoptosis of hepatoma cells
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, Liver, FaO
Cyc↓, P21↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, survivin↓, JNK↑, Akt↓,
3541- ALA,    Insights on alpha lipoic and dihydrolipoic acids as promising scavengers of oxidative stress and possible chelators in mercury toxicology
- Review, Var, NA
*antiOx↑, *IronCh↑, *GSH↑, *BBB?, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, PARP1↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, RenoP↑, ChemoSen↑, *BG↓,
3540- ALA,    Thioctic (lipoic) acid: a therapeutic metal-chelating antioxidant?
- in-vitro, NA, NA
*lipid-P↓, *H2O2↓, *IronCh↑,
3539- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *GSH↑, *antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *MMP9↓, *VCAM-1↓, *NF-kB↓, *cognitive↑, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BBB↑, *H2O2∅, *neuroP↑, *PKCδ↑, *ERK↑, *MAPK↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *PTEN↓, *AMPK↑, *GLUT4↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *BP↝, *eff↑, *ICAM-1↓, *VCAM-1↓, *Dose↝,
3456- ALA,    Renal-Protective Roles of Lipoic Acid in Kidney Disease
- Review, NA, NA
*RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Sepsis↓, *IronCh↑, *BUN↓, *creat↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *chemoP↑, *eff↑, *NF-kB↓,
3455- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits proliferation and migration of human vascular endothelial cells through downregulating HSPA12B/VEGF signaling axis
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*cMyc↓, *VEGF↓, *eNOS↓, angioG↓,
3454- ALA,    Lipoic acid blocks autophagic flux and impairs cellular bioenergetics in breast cancer and reduces stemness
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCG↑, Glycolysis↓, ROS↑, CSCs↓, selectivity↑, LC3B-II↑, MMP↓, mitResp↓, ATP↓, OCR↓, NAD↓, p‑AMPK↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, LDHA↓, eff↓, mTOR↓, ECAR↓, ALDH↓, CD44↓, CD24↓,
3451- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates H2O2-induced human vein endothelial cells injury via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*LDH↓, *NOX4↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *VCAM-1↓, *ICAM-1↓, *ROS↓, *cardioP↑,
3450- ALA,    α-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Expression of IL-8 by Suppressing Activation of MAPK, Jak/Stat, and NF-κB in H. pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells
- in-vitro, NA, AGS
*IL8↓, *MAPK↓, *JAK↓, *STAT↓, *NF-kB↓,
3449- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Downregulates IL-1β and IL-6 by DNA Hypermethylation in SK-N-BE Neuroblastoma Cells
- in-vitro, AD, SK-N-BE
*antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, neuroP↑,
272- ALA,    Evidence that α-lipoic acid inhibits NF-κB activation independent of its antioxidant function
- in-vitro, NA, HUVECs
NF-kB↓,
284- ALA,    Lipoic acid a multi-level molecular inhibitor of tumorigenesis
- Review, Var, NA
EMT↓, TumMeta↓,
283- ALA,    alpha-Lipoic acid reduces matrix metalloproteinase activity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TumMeta↓,
282- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid induced apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells through an alteration on mitochondrial membrane depolarization and MMP-9 mRNA expression
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
MMP↓, Casp↑, MMP9↓,
281- ALA,    Reactive oxygen species mediate caspase activation and apoptosis induced by lipoic acid in human lung epithelial cancer cells through Bcl-2 down-regulation
- in-vitro, Lung, H460
mt-ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, eff↓, eff↑, H2O2↑, Dose↑,
280- ALA,    Alpha‐lipoic acid inhibits lung cancer growth via mTOR‐mediated autophagy inhibition
- in-vivo, Lung, A549
p‑mTOR↑, TumCG↓, NA↑, TumAuto↓, p‑P70S6K↑,
279- ALA,    Lipoic acid-induced oxidative stress abrogates IGF-1R maturation by inhibiting the CREB/furin axis in breast cancer cell lines
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
Furin↓, IGF-1R↓, ROS↑, CREB↓, Furin↓, IGF-1R↓,
278- ALA,    The Multifaceted Role of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Cancer Prevention, Occurrence, and Treatment
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, NRF2↑, Inflam↓, frataxin↑, *BioAv↓, ChemoSen↑, Hif1a↓, eff↑, FAK↓, ITGB1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EMT↓, Snail↓, Vim↓, Zeb1↓, P53↑, MGMT↓, Mcl-1↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, BAX↑, p‑Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, selectivity↑, angioG↓, MMPs↓, NF-kB↓, ITGB3↓, NADPH↓,
277- ALA,    α-lipoic acid modulates prostate cancer cell growth and bone cell differentiation
- in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B
ROS↑, Hif1a↑, JNK↑, Casp3↑, P21↑, BAX↑, Bcl-xL↓, cFos↓,
276- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid diminishes migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through an AMPK-p53 axis
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, Hep3B
P53↑, EMT↓, AMPK↑, cycD1↓, TumCMig↓,
274- ALA,  LDN,    Revisiting the ALA/N (alpha-lipoic acid/low-dose naltrexone) protocol for people with metastatic and nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer: a report of 3 new cases
- Human, PC, NA
OS↑,
285- ALA,  HCA,    Tolerance of oral lipoid acid and hydroxycitrate combination in cancer patients: first approach of the cancer metabolism research group
- Human, Var, NA
PI3K↝, AMPK↝, TumCG↓, *toxicity↓, Weight∅,
271- ALA,  VitC,  LDN,    The Long-Term Survival of a Patient With Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma Following an Integrative Treatment Approach Including the Intravenous α-Lipoic Acid/Low-Dose Naltrexone Protocol
OS↑, Weight↑, TumVol↓,
267- ALA,    α-Lipoic Acid Targeting PDK1/NRF2 Axis Contributes to the Apoptosis Effect of Lung Cancer Cells
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549 - vitro+vivo, Lung, PC9
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, PDK1↓, NRF2↓, PDK1↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp9↑, Dose∅,
266- ALA,    Lipoic acid decreases Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and up regulates Bim on ovarian carcinoma cells leading to cell death
- in-vitro, Ovarian, IGROV1
Mcl-1↓, Bcl-xL↓, BIM↑, ROS↑,
265- ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces Cell Growth, Inhibits Autophagy, and Counteracts Prostate Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion: Evidence from In Vitro Studies
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, DU145
ROS↓, SOD↓, GSTP1/GSTπ↓, NRF2↓, p62↓, p62↑, SOD↑, p‑mTOR↑, Beclin-1↓, ROS↑, SOD1↑,
264- ALA,    α-Lipoic acid induces Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells
- in-vitro, HCC, FaO
ROS↑, P53↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, CHOP↑, PDI↑, GRP78/BiP↑, GRP58↓,
263- ALA,    Alpha-lipoic acid induces p27Kip-dependent cell cycle arrest in non-transformed cell lines and apoptosis in tumor cell lines
- in-vitro, SCC, Jurkat - in-vitro, SCC, FaDu
p27↑,
262- ALA,    Lipoic acid decreases breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF-1R via furin downregulation
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, Akt↓, ERK↓, IGF-1R↓, Furin↓, Ki-67↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↓,
261- ALA,    The natural antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid induces p27(Kip1)-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
ROS↓, Akt↓, p27↑, Bax:Bcl2↑,
260- ALA,    The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on breast of female albino rats exposed to malathion: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study
- in-vivo, BC, NA
PCNA↓, P53↓, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑,
258- ALA,    Effects of α-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cells
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCG↓, p‑Akt↓, Akt↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑,
297- ALA,    Insights on the Use of α-Lipoic Acid for Therapeutic Purposes
- Review, BC, SkBr3 - Review, neuroblastoma, SK-N-SH - Review, AD, NA
PDH↑, TumCG↓, ROS↑, AMPK↑, EGR4↓, Half-Life↓, BioAv↝, *GSH↑, *IronCh↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Ach↑, *lipid-P↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, TumCP↓, FDG↓, Apoptosis↑, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, EGFR↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, *memory↑, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↝, *other↓, *other↝, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↑, *ChAT↑, *GlucoseCon↑,
1124- ALA,    Alpha lipoic acid inhibits proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of thyroid cancer cells
- in-vitro, Thyroid, BCPAP - in-vitro, Thyroid, HTH-83 - in-vitro, Thyroid, CAL-62 - in-vitro, Thyroid, FTC-133 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, E-cadherin↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Vim↓, Snail↓, Twist↓, TGF-β↓, p‑SMAD2↓, TumCG↓,
304- ALA,    alpha-Lipoic acid induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by increasing mitochondrial respiration with a concomitant O2-*-generation
- in-vitro, Colon, HT-29
mt-ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp3↑, DNAdam↑, Bcl-xL↓, Dose↝,
303- ALA,  LDN,    The long-term survival of a patient with pancreatic cancer with metastases to the liver after treatment with the intravenous alpha-lipoic acid/low-dose naltrexone protocol

302- ALA,    The Antioxidant Alpha-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer Cells via Suppression of STAT3-Mediated MUC4 Gene Expression
- in-vitro, GC, AGS - in-vitro, GC, BGC-823 - in-vitro, GC, MKN-28
MUC4↓, STAT3↓,
301- ALA,  PacT,  doxoR,    Role of alpha-lipoic acid in counteracting paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-induced toxicities: a randomized controlled trial in breast cancer patients
- Human, BC, NA
BNP↓, TNF-α↓, MDA↓, NeuroT↓,
299- ALA,  Cisplatin,  PacT,    Anti-cancer effects of alpha lipoic acid, cisplatin and paclitaxel combination in the OVCAR-3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line
- in-vitro, Ovarian, OVCAR-3
MMP9↓, MMP11↓, MAPK↓,
298- ALA,  Rad,    Synergistic Tumoricidal Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Radiotherapy on Human Breast Cancer Cells via HMGB1
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
Apoptosis↑, P53↑, p38↑, NF-kB↑, TumCCA↑,
296- ALA,    Lipoic acid inhibits cell proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
- vitro+vivo, neuroblastoma, SK-N-SH - vitro+vivo, BC, SkBr3
TumCG↓, Casp3↑,
295- ALA,    α-Lipoic acid suppresses migration and invasion via downregulation of cell surface β1-integrin expression in bladder cancer cells
- in-vitro, Bladder, T24
ITGB1↓, TumCMig↓, ERK↓, Akt↓,
291- ALA,  HCA,  MET,  Dicl,    Metabolic therapies inhibit tumor growth in vivo and in silico
- in-vivo, Melanoma, B16-F10 - in-vivo, Lung, LL/2 (LLC1) - in-vivo, Bladder, MBT-2
TumCG↓,
290- ALA,  HCA,    A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: preliminary results
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, B16-F10
TumCG↓, OS↑,
289- ALA,  HCA,  EA,    Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing
- Analysis, NA, NA
ACLY↓,
288- ALA,  HCA,  CAP,  Octr,    Tumor regression with a combination of drugs interfering with the tumor metabolism: efficacy of hydroxycitrate, lipoic acid and capsaicin
TumCG↓,
287- ALA,  HCA,  Lyco,    Metabolic treatment of cancer: intermediate results of a prospective case series
PSA↓, OS↑,
1235- ALA,  Cisplatin,    α-Lipoic acid prevents against cisplatin cytotoxicity via activation of the NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway
- in-vitro, Nor, HEI-OC1 - ex-vivo, NA, NA
ROS↑, HO-1↓, *toxicity↓, chemoP↑, *ROS↓, *HO-1↑, *SOD1↑, *NRF2↑,
286- HCA,  ALA,    Adding a combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid (METABLOC™) to chemotherapy improves effectiveness against tumor development: experimental results and case report
OS↑,
1628- HCA,  ALA,    Addition of Hydroxy Citrate improves effect of ALA
- Review, Var, NA
ACLY↓, other↓, ROS↑, eff↑, PDKs↓,
1255- PI,  ALA,    Antileukemic effects of piperlongumine and alpha lipoic acid combination on Jurkat, MEC1 and NB4 cells in vitro
- in-vitro, CLL, NA
COX2↓, Casp3↑,
375- SNP,  ALA,    Alpha-Lipoic Acid Prevents Side Effects of Therapeutic Nanosilver without Compromising Cytotoxicity in Experimental Pancreatic Cancer
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, PC, PANC1 - in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vivo, NA, NA
mtDam↑, ROS↑, *toxicity↓, Dose∅, selectivity↑,
609- VitC,  ALA,  VitK3,  Se,    Vitamin C and Cancer: Is There A Use For Oral Vitamin C?
OS↑,
300- VitC,  ALA,    Combination of High-Dose Parenteral Ascorbate (Vitamin C) and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Failed to Enhance Tumor-Inhibitory Effect But Increased Toxicity in Preclinical Cancer Models
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, Colon, HCT116 - in-vitro, Ovarian, PANC1 - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
TumCG∅,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 86

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
ACLY↓,2,   Akt↓,7,   p‑Akt↓,3,   ALDH↓,1,   AMPK↑,5,   AMPK↝,1,   p‑AMPK↑,1,   angioG↓,2,   AntiCan↑,1,   Apoptosis↑,8,   ATP↓,3,   BAX↑,5,   Bax:Bcl2↑,1,   Bcl-2↓,4,   Bcl-xL↓,4,   Beclin-1↓,1,   BIM↑,1,   BioAv↝,1,   BNP↓,1,   Casp↑,3,   Casp3↑,7,   Casp9↑,4,   CD24↓,1,   CD44↓,1,   cFos↓,1,   chemoP↑,1,   ChemoSen↑,4,   CHOP↑,1,   cognitive?,1,   COX2↓,1,   CREB↓,1,   CSCs↓,2,   Cyc↓,1,   cycD1↓,1,   Cyt‑c↑,1,   DNAdam↑,1,   Dose↑,1,   Dose↝,1,   Dose∅,2,   E-cadherin↑,1,   ECAR↓,1,   eff↓,2,   eff↑,3,   EGFR↓,2,   EGR4↓,1,   EMT↓,4,   ER Stress↑,1,   ERK↓,2,   FAK↓,1,   FDG↓,1,   frataxin↑,1,   Furin↓,4,   GlucoseCon↓,3,   Glycolysis↓,4,   GRP58↓,1,   GRP78/BiP↑,1,   GSK‐3β↓,1,   GSTP1/GSTπ↓,1,   H2O2↑,1,   Half-Life↓,1,   HER2/EBBR2↓,1,   Hif1a↓,1,   Hif1a↑,2,   HK2↓,1,   HO-1↓,1,   IGF-1R↓,4,   IKKα↓,1,   Inflam↓,1,   ITGB1↓,2,   ITGB3↓,1,   JNK↑,3,   Ki-67↓,1,   lactateProd↓,1,   LC3B-II↑,1,   LDHA↓,2,   lipid-P↑,1,   MAPK↓,1,   Mcl-1↓,2,   MDA↓,1,   MGMT↓,1,   mitResp↓,1,   MMP↓,3,   MMP11↓,1,   MMP2↓,2,   MMP9↓,4,   MMPs↓,1,   mtDam↑,1,   mTOR↓,5,   p‑mTOR↑,2,   MUC4↓,1,   NA↑,1,   NAD↓,1,   NADPH↓,1,   neuroP↑,1,   NeuroT↓,1,   NF-kB↓,3,   NF-kB↑,1,   NRF2↓,2,   NRF2↑,1,   OCR↓,1,   OS↑,6,   other↓,1,   other↝,1,   OXPHOS↓,1,   P21↑,2,   p27↑,3,   p38↑,1,   P53↓,1,   P53↑,4,   p‑P53↑,1,   p62↓,1,   p62↑,1,   p‑P70S6K↓,1,   p‑P70S6K↑,1,   PARP1↑,1,   PCNA↓,1,   PDH↑,2,   PDI↑,1,   PDK1↓,2,   PDKs↓,1,   PFK↓,1,   PI3K↓,2,   PI3K↝,1,   PKM2↓,2,   PSA↓,1,   RadioS↑,1,   RenoP↑,1,   ROS↓,3,   ROS↑,18,   mt-ROS↑,2,   selectivity↑,4,   p‑SMAD2↓,1,   Snail↓,2,   SOD↓,1,   SOD↑,1,   SOD1↑,1,   STAT3↓,1,   survivin↓,2,   TGF-β↓,1,   TNF-α↓,1,   TumAuto↓,1,   TumCCA↑,3,   TumCG↓,9,   TumCG↑,1,   TumCG∅,1,   TumCI↓,3,   TumCMig↓,5,   TumCP↓,3,   tumCV↓,2,   TumMeta↓,2,   TumVol↓,1,   Twist↓,1,   UPR↑,1,   Vim↓,2,   Weight↑,1,   Weight∅,1,   Zeb1↓,1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓,1,  
Total Targets: 158

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
5HT↑,2,   ACC↑,1,   Acetyl-CoA↑,3,   Ach↑,7,   AChE↓,2,   adiP↑,1,   Akt?,1,   Akt↑,3,   ALAT↓,1,   ALP↓,1,   AMPK↑,2,   AMPK⇅,1,   AntiAge↑,3,   AntiCan↑,1,   antiOx↑,24,   Apoptosis↓,2,   AST↓,1,   ATM↑,1,   ATP↑,2,   Aβ↓,7,   BBB?,1,   BBB↑,12,   BG↓,1,   BioAv↓,3,   BioAv↑,5,   BioAv↝,7,   BP↓,1,   BP↝,1,   BUN↓,1,   Ca+2↓,1,   cAMP↑,2,   cardioP?,1,   cardioP↓,1,   cardioP↑,3,   Casp3↓,2,   Casp6↓,1,   Casp9↓,3,   Catalase↑,4,   CD34↑,1,   ChAT↑,7,   chemoP↑,1,   cMyc↓,1,   cognitive↑,17,   cognitive∅,1,   COL3A1↓,1,   COX2↓,2,   creat↓,1,   Dose↝,1,   E-sel↓,1,   eff↓,1,   eff↑,5,   eNOS↓,1,   eNOS↑,1,   ERK↑,3,   FAO↑,1,   FOXO1↑,1,   FOXO3↑,1,   glucose↑,1,   GlucoseCon↑,11,   GLUT1↑,1,   GLUT3↑,3,   GLUT4↑,5,   Glycolysis↑,1,   GPx↑,5,   GSH↑,19,   GSR↑,1,   GSSG↓,1,   GSTs↑,1,   GutMicro↑,1,   H2O2↓,1,   H2O2∅,1,   Half-Life↓,4,   hepatoP↑,2,   Hif1a↑,3,   HK1↑,1,   HO-1↑,5,   ICAM-1↓,3,   IGF-1↑,1,   IL1β↓,5,   IL1β↑,1,   IL2↓,1,   IL6↓,5,   IL8↓,1,   INF-γ↓,1,   Inflam↓,16,   iNOS↓,4,   Iron↓,1,   IronCh↑,17,   JAK↓,1,   JNK↓,1,   LDH↓,1,   lipid-P↓,8,   MAPK↓,1,   MAPK↑,2,   MCP1↓,1,   MDA↓,3,   memory↑,10,   MMP↑,2,   MMP9↓,2,   motorD↑,3,   NADPH↑,1,   neuroP↑,18,   NF-kB↓,11,   p‑NF-kB↓,1,   NO↓,3,   NOX4↓,1,   NQO1↑,3,   NRF2↑,10,   other↓,1,   other↑,2,   other↝,4,   p38↑,1,   PDH↑,1,   PDKs↓,1,   PGC-1α↑,1,   PGE2↓,1,   PI3K↑,3,   PKCδ↑,2,   PTEN↓,2,   radioP↑,1,   RenoP↑,1,   ROS↓,25,   ROS↑,1,   Sepsis↓,1,   SIRT1↑,2,   SIRT3↑,1,   SOD↑,4,   SOD1↑,1,   STAT↓,1,   TAC↑,1,   tau↓,1,   p‑tau↓,1,   TNF-α↓,5,   TNF-α↑,1,   toxicity↓,3,   toxicity∅,1,   VCAM-1↓,7,   VEGF↓,1,   VEGF↑,2,   VitC↑,4,   VitE↑,4,   Weight↓,1,   α-SMA↓,1,  
Total Targets: 143

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:29  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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