Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin Cancer Research Results

SIL, Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Silymarin (Milk Thistle) Flowering herb related to daisy and ragweed family.
Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds.
-a flavonoid combination of 65–80% of seven flavolignans; the most important of these include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, isosilychristin, and silydianin. Silybin is the most abundant compound in around 50–70% in isoforms silybin A and silybin B

-Note half-life 6hrs?.
BioAv not soluble in water, low bioAv (1%). 240mg yielded only 0.34ug/ml plasma level. oral administration of SM (equivalent to 120 mg silibinin), total (unconjugated + conjugated) silibinin concentration in plasma was 1.1–1.3 μg/mL, so can not achieve levels used in most in-vitro studies.
Pathways:
- results for both inducing and reducing ROS in cancer cells. In normal cell seems to consistently lower ROS. Reports show both ROS↑ and ROS↓ in cancer models; systemic pro-oxidant effects may require higher exposures than typical oral dosing, but local or combination contexts may differ. (level in GUT could be much higher (800uM).
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑,
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓(context-dependent; often stress-activated), Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, uPA↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, GRP78↑(ER stress), Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, β-catenin↓, Notch2↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 ROS / redox buffering + mitochondrial protection Often ↑ stress susceptibility; can support apoptosis when survival signaling is blocked ↓ oxidative stress; mitochondrial protection P, R, G Context-selective redox modulation Silymarin is classically cytoprotective/antioxidant in normal tissues (notably liver), while in tumors it can weaken pro-survival adaptation and increase vulnerability to stressors and therapy.
2 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondria → caspases) ↑ apoptosis signaling; ↑ caspase activation ↔ minimal activation G Cell death execution Common downstream outcome in cancer models: apoptosis increases after earlier signaling/redox shifts and/or checkpoint disruption.
3 Cell-cycle control (cyclins/CDKs; checkpoints) ↑ arrest (G1/S or G2/M depending on model) ↔ G Cytostasis Typically observed as reduced proliferation with checkpoint engagement; timing usually later than kinase phosphorylation changes.
4 NF-κB inflammatory transcription ↓ NF-κB activity; ↓ inflammatory/pro-survival tone ↔ or protective anti-inflammatory effect R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival transcription NF-κB suppression can reduce tumor-promoting inflammation and blunt stress-adaptive survival programs.
5 JAK/STAT3 axis (incl. PD-L1 / immune escape programs in some models) ↓ STAT3 signaling (context); may ↓ PD-L1 in certain tumor contexts ↔ R, G Reduced survival + immune-evasion signaling Reported to attenuate STAT3-driven tumor programs and, in some contexts, reduce immune-suppressive signaling (model dependent).
6 PI3K → AKT → mTOR survival / growth signaling ↓ PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling (context) ↔ R, G Growth/survival suppression Reduced PI3K/AKT/mTOR tone increases sensitivity to apoptosis and can reinforce cell-cycle arrest.
7 MAPK re-wiring (ERK/p38/JNK balance) Stress-MAPK shifts; ERK tone often reduced or re-patterned ↔ P, R, G Signal reprogramming Early phosphorylation shifts can precede later gene-expression changes; exact ERK direction is model and dose dependent.
8 Angiogenesis (VEGF and angiogenic factors) ↓ VEGF / angiogenesis outputs ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Typically reflected in reduced pro-angiogenic expression/secretion and angiogenesis-related phenotypes over longer windows.
9 EMT / invasion / migration programs (incl. TGF-β/Smad-associated EMT in some systems) ↓ EMT markers; ↓ migration/invasion ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Often presents as restoration of epithelial markers and suppression of migration/invasion assays; commonly a later phenotype-level outcome.
10 Xenobiotic handling (Phase I/II enzymes; cytoprotection / chemoprevention framing) May alter carcinogen activation/detox balance ↑ detox / cytoprotection against xenobiotics G Chemopreventive protection A key “dual strategy” theme: protection of normal tissue from toxins/therapy while modulating tumor response pathways.
11 Drug resistance / efflux (MDR phenotype; P-gp-related resistance in some models) May ↓ functional MDR and ↑ chemo sensitivity (context) ↔ R, G Chemo-sensitization support Reported synergy with chemotherapy in resistant tumor settings; transporter direction can be context-specific, so present as “reported to reduce functional resistance” rather than a universal single-transporter claim.
12 Immune microenvironment signaling (cytokines / macrophage recruitment in some models) May ↓ pro-tumor cytokine programs and recruitment signals (context) ↔ G Anti-inflammatory tumor microenvironment shift Immune-modulatory effects are increasingly discussed, but they are more model-dependent and typically show on longer time scales.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical–chemical effects; rapid signaling / phosphorylation shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (redox signaling + acute stress-response signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3290- SIL,    A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents
- Analysis, Var, NA
hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH1↓, BAX↑, NF-kB↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, LOX1↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, CXCR4↓, EGFR↓, ERK↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, RB1↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, p‑pRB↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, IL1β↓, IFN-γ↓, PCNA↓, PSA↓, CYP1A1↓,
3298- SIL,    Silibinin, a natural flavonoid, induces autophagy via ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of ATP involving BNIP3 in human MCF7 breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7
LC3II↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, ATP↓, eff↓, BNIP3?, TumAuto↑, eff↑,
3288- SIL,    Silymarin in cancer therapy: Mechanisms of action, protective roles in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and nanoformulations
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, lipid-P↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, chemoP↑, EMT↓, HDAC↓, HATs↑, MMPs↓, uPA↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, VEGF↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, Hif1a↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, Raf↓, MEK↓, ERK↓, BIM↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, Casp↑, MAPK↓, P53↑, LC3II↑, mTOR↓, YAP/TEAD↓, *BioAv↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, PCNA↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, survivin↓, APAF1↑, Casp3↑, MDSCs↓, IL10↓, IL2↑, IFN-γ↑, hepatoP↑, cardioP↑, GSH↑, neuroP↑,
3282- SIL,    Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions
- Review, Var, NA
hepatoP↑, AntiCan↑, TumCMig↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, toxicity∅, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, CDK4↓, NF-kB↓, ERK↓, PSA↓, TumCG↓, p27/CDKN1B↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL1↓, VEGF↓, IGFBP3↑, AR↓, STAT3↓, Telomerase↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↝, HDAC↓, HATs↑, Zeb1↓, E-cadherin↑, miR-203↑, NHE1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, PGE2↓, Vim↓, Wnt↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, *TIMP1↓, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, CD44↓, EGFR↓, PDGF↓, *IL8↓, SREBP1/SREBF1↓, MMP↓, ATP↓, uPA↓, PD-L1↓, NOTCH↓, *SIRT1↑, SIRT1↓, CA↓, Ca+2↑, chemoP↑, cardioP↑, Dose↝, Half-Life↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, toxicity↝, Half-Life↓, ROS↓, FAK↓,
1001- SIL,    Silibinin down-regulates PD-L1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by interfering with tumor cell glycolytic metabolism
- in-vitro, NPC, NA
TumCG↓, Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↑, LDHA↓, lactateProd↓, i-citrate↑, Hif1a↓, PD-L1↓,
2410- SIL,    Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumAuto↑, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, H2O2↑, P53↑, GSH↓, xCT/SLC7A11↓, BNIP3↝, MMP↑, mt-ROS↑, mtDam↑, HK2↓, PFKP↓, PKM2↓, TumCG↓,
2306- SIL,  CUR,  RES,  EA,    Identification of Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Pyruvate Kinase M2 for Cancer Treatment
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
PKM2↓, Dose↝, Dose↝,
1316- SIL,  Chemo,    Silymarin and Cancer: A Dual Strategy in Both in Chemoprevention and Chemosensitivity
- Analysis, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, p42↓, P450↓, OATPs↓, chemoP↑, ChemoSen↑,
1276- SIL,    Silibinin inhibits TPA-induced cell migration and MMP-9 expression in thyroid and breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, NA - in-vitro, Thyroid, NA
TumCMig↓, MMP9↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓,
1140- SIL,    Silibinin-mediated metabolic reprogramming attenuates pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia and tumor growth
- in-vitro, PC, AsPC-1 - in-vivo, PC, NA - in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2 - in-vitro, PC, PANC1 - in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3
TumCG↓, Glycolysis↓, cMyc↓, STAT3↓, TumCP↓, Weight∅, Strength↑, DNAdam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, GLUT1↓, HK2↓, LDHA↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, PPP↓, Ki-67↓, p‑STAT3↓, cachexia↓,
3307- SIL,    Flavolignans from Silymarin as Nrf2 Bioactivators and Their Therapeutic Applications
- Review, Var, NA
*NRF2↑, *antiOx↑, *chemoP↑, *Inflam↓, *BioAv↑, Synergy↑, *NQO1↑, TNF-α↓, IL6↓, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, Synergy↑, *hepatoP↑, *GPx↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *HO-1↑, *neuroP↑,
3315- SIL,    Silymarin alleviates docetaxel-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
neuroP↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *NF-kB↓, *TNF-α↓, *JNK↓, *Bcl-2↑, *BAX↑,
3314- SIL,    Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review
- Review, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, *Half-Life↑, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, *hepatoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, *IFN-γ↓, *IL2↓, *IL4↓, *NF-kB↓, *iNOS↓, *OATPs↓, *OCT4↓, *Inflam↓, *PGE2↓, MMPs↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, STAT3↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, Dose↝,
3313- SIL,    Silymarin attenuates post-weaning bisphenol A-induced renal injury by suppressing ferroptosis and amyloidosis through Kim-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling modulation in male Wistar rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *creat↓, *BUN↓, *RenoP↑, *MDA↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *Cyt‑c↓, *Casp3↓, *GSTs↓, *GSH↑, *GPx4↑, *SOD↑, *GSR↓, *Ferroptosis↓,
3312- SIL,    Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2
- Human, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *IL1α↓, *AhR↑, *NRF2↑, *IL8↓,
3311- SIL,    Silymarin protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2 signalling in PC12 cells
- in-vitro, Nor, PC12
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, *ROS↓, *MDA↓, *GSH↓, *NRF2↑, *GPx↑, *GCLC↑, *GCLM↑,
3310- SIL,    Silymarin attenuates paraquat-induced lung injury via Nrf2-mediated pathway in vivo and in vitro
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
Inflam↓, MPO↓, NO↓, iNOS↓, ROS↓, MDA↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, GPx↑, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, NADPH↑,
3309- SIL,    Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives
- Review, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *IronCh↑, *MMP↑, *NRF2↑, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, *HSPs↑, *Trx↑, *SIRT2↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↑, *NADPH↓, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *BioAv↓, *Dose↝, *BioAv↑,
3308- SIL,    Structural basis of Nrf2 activation by flavonolignans from silymarin
- Analysis, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *chemoP↑, *NRF2↑,
1127- SIL,    Silibinin suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human non-small cell lung cancer cells by restraining RHBDD1
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, RHBDD1↓,
3306- SIL,  Rad,    Radioprotective and radiosensitizing properties of silymarin/silibinin in response to ionizing radiation
- Review, Var, NA
radioP↑, RadioS↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↓, ROS↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓,
3305- SIL,    Silymarin inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway and induction of apoptosis
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCP↓, tumCV↓, BAX↑, cl‑PARP↑, Casp9↑, p‑JNK↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑p38↓, p‑ERK↓, *toxicity∅, Dose↝, *hepatoP↑, Inflam↓, AntiCan↑,
3304- SIL,    Silymarin induces inhibition of growth and apoptosis through modulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells
- in-vitro, GC, AGS - in-vivo, NA, NA
BAX↑, p‑JNK↑, p‑p38↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑ERK↓, TumVol↓, Apoptosis↑, tumCV↓,
3303- SIL,    Exploring the anti-cancer and antimetastatic effect of Silymarin against lung cancer
- Review, Var, NA
chemoP↑, radioP↑,
3302- SIL,    Protective effects of silymarin in glioblastoma cancer cells through redox system regulation
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
NRF2↑, HO-1↑, Trx↑, antiOx↑,
3301- SIL,    Critical review of therapeutic potential of silymarin in cancer: A bioactive polyphenolic flavonoid
- Review, Var, NA
Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↓, TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, angioG↓, chemoP↑, radioP↑, p‑ERK↓, p‑p38↓, p‑JNK↓, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, TGF-β↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, Wnt↓, Vim↓, VEGF↓, IL6↓, STAT3↓, *ROS↓, IL1β↓, PGE2↓, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, survivin↓, Mcl-1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, cMyc↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, Hif1a↓, CXCR4↓, CSCs↓, EMT↓, N-cadherin↓, PCNA↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, ROS↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, HER2/EBBR2↓,
3300- SIL,    Toward the definition of the mechanism of action of silymarin: activities related to cellular protection from toxic damage induced by chemotherapy
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↓, *SOD↑, *hepatoP↑, *AST↓, *ALAT↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *Catalase↑, *GSTs↑, *GSR↑, *TNF-α↓, *IFN-γ↓, *IL4↓, *IL2↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL10↑, *Inflam↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, PGE2↓, VEGF↓,
3299- SIL,    Silymarin Effect on Mitophagy Pathway in the Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells
- in-vitro, Colon, HT29
tumCV↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, selectivity↑,

Showing Research Papers: 51 to 78 of 78
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 78

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 1,   antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 1,   Fenton↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 2,   GSH↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 3,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↑, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 5,   ROS↑, 9,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD1↓, 1,   SOD2↓, 1,   Trx↑, 1,   Trx1↓, 1,   xCT/SLC7A11↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↑, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

mtDam↑, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ACC↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 1,   ATP↓, 3,   i-citrate↑, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 3,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 2,   LDHA↓, 2,   NADPH↓, 1,   NADPH↑, 1,   PFKP↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 2,   PPP↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SREBP1/SREBF1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 9,   BAX↑, 7,   Bcl-2↓, 9,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Bcl-xL↓, 3,   BID↑, 1,   BIM↓, 1,   BNIP3?, 1,   BNIP3↝, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 8,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   pro‑Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 7,   Cyt‑c↑, 5,   DR5↑, 1,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   Mcl-1↓, 3,   p‑p38↓, 2,   p‑p38↑, 2,   survivin↓, 6,   TumCD↑, 1,   YAP/TEAD↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   Akt↑, 1,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Akt2↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   p‑EGFR↓, 2,   ERK↓, 5,   p‑ERK↓, 5,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 2,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 3,   MAPK↓, 3,   MEK↓, 1,   p‑MEK↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 2,   p‑mTOR↓, 1,   p42↓, 1,   p‑P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 4,   Raf↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 7,   p‑STAT3↓, 2,   STAT5↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 4,   DNMT1↓, 1,   FOXM1↓, 1,   HATs↑, 3,   HDAC↓, 3,   HDAC1↓, 1,   HDAC2↓, 1,   HDAC3↓, 1,   HDAC8↓, 1,   miR-155↓, 1,   miR-203↑, 1,   miR-21↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 4,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,   TumAuto↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 2,   DNAdam↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   P53↑, 7,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 4,   PCNA↓, 3,   Telomerase↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 2,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 3,   CDK4↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 2,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 5,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   E2Fs↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   P21↑, 3,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 2,   p‑pRB↓, 1,   RB1↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 9,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   Gli1↓, 1,   HH↓, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 9,   TumCP↓, 10,   Wnt↓, 2,   Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 2,   CA↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 4,   EMT↓, 5,   FAK↓, 1,   GLI2↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 4,   MMP9↓, 4,   MMPs↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   PDGF↓, 1,   RHBDD1↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TIMP2↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 4,   TumCMig↓, 9,   TumMeta↓, 4,   TXNIP↑, 1,   uPA↓, 3,   Vim↓, 3,   Zeb1↓, 3,   α-SMA↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 9,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 9,   LOX1↓, 1,   NO↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 8,   VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

GLUT1↓, 1,   MMP↓, 7,   MMP↑, 1,   NHE1↓, 1,   OATPs↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD44↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 6,   CXCR4↓, 3,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IFN-γ↑, 1,   IL1↓, 2,   IL10↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 2,   IL2↑, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   Inflam↓, 9,   MDSCs↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 6,   NLRP3↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 3,   PGE2↓, 3,   PSA↓, 3,   TNF-α↓, 3,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

AChE↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 3,   CYP1A1↓, 1,   Dose↝, 7,   eff↓, 2,   eff↑, 3,   eff↝, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   Half-Life↝, 2,   MDR1↓, 1,   P-gp/ABCB1↓, 2,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 2,   Synergy↑, 9,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AR↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   p‑EGFR↓, 2,   FOXM1↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 3,   PD-L1↓, 3,   PSA↓, 3,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3,   cachexia↓, 1,   cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 8,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 4,   memory↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 3,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 4,   Strength↑, 1,   toxicity?, 1,   toxicity↝, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   TumVol↓, 3,   Weight↑, 1,   Weight∅, 1,  
Total Targets: 249

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 2,   antiOx↑, 15,   Catalase↑, 6,   GCLC↑, 1,   GCLM↑, 1,   GPx↑, 3,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 15,   GSR↓, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   GSTs↓, 1,   GSTs↑, 2,   H2O2↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 6,   lipid-P?, 1,   lipid-P↓, 9,   MDA↓, 9,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↑, 10,   ROS↓, 21,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 12,   TAC↑, 2,   Trx↑, 2,   VitC↑, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   ACC↓, 1,   ALAT↓, 5,   AMPK↑, 1,   AMPK↝, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   NAD↑, 1,   NADPH↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 2,   SIRT2↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↓, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↑, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   Fas↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 9,   necrosis↓, 2,   p38↓, 1,   p‑p38↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   Akt↝, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 2,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 3,   MAPK↝, 1,   mTOR↑, 1,   mTOR↝, 1,   PI3K↝, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cJun↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   other↑, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   HSP27↑, 1,   HSPs↓, 1,   HSPs↑, 1,   XBP-1↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

Telomerase↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

IGF-1↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

TGF-β↓, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,   α-SMA↝, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Hif1a↓, 3,   NO↓, 4,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB?, 1,   BBB↑, 1,   GLUT4↑, 1,   MMP↑, 2,   OATPs↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2/PTGS2↓, 5,   IFN-γ↓, 4,   IL1↓, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   IL10↑, 2,   IL1α↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 5,   IL2↓, 3,   IL4↓, 4,   IL6↓, 4,   IL6↑, 1,   IL8↓, 3,   Inflam↓, 22,   LTA/TNF-β↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 13,   NLRP3↓, 3,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 13,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↑, 2,   AChE↓, 3,   BChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 6,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 4,   tau↓, 1,   β-Amyloid↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AhR↑, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 3,   BioAv↝, 4,   BioEnh↑, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   Half-Life?, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   Half-Life↑, 1,   Half-Life↝, 1,   P-gp/ABCB1↓, 1,   Synergy↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 5,   AST↓, 4,   BUN↓, 1,   creat↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 1,   IL6↓, 4,   IL6↑, 1,   LDH↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

cardioP↑, 2,   chemoP↑, 3,   cognitive↑, 5,   hepatoP↑, 20,   memory↑, 5,   Mood↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 13,   neuroP↝, 1,   OS↑, 2,   radioP↑, 2,   RenoP↑, 2,   Strength↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,   Weight↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,   GutMicro↝, 1,  
Total Targets: 151

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:154  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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