condition found tbRes List
SIL, Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Silymarin (Milk Thistle) Flowering herb related to daisy and ragweed family.
Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds.
-a flavonoid combination of 65–80% of seven flavolignans; the most important of these include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, isosilychristin, and silydianin. Silybin is the most abundant compound in around 50–70% in isoforms silybin A and silybin B

-Note half-life 6hrs?.
BioAv not soluble in water, low bioA (1%). 240mg yielded only 0.34ug/ml plasma level. oral administration of SM (equivalent to 120 mg silibinin), total (unconjugated + conjugated) silibinin concentration in plasma was 1.1–1.3 μg/mL, so can on acheive levels used in most in-vitro studies.
Pathways:
- results for both inducing and reducing ROS in cancer cells. In normal cell seems to consistently lower ROS. Given low bioavailability seems unlikely one could acheieve levels in vivo to raise ROS(except level in GUT could be much higher (800uM).
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑,
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, uPA↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, P53↑, HSP↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, Glucose↓, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, β-catenin↓, Notch2↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


glucose, glucose: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Glucose
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3294- SIL,    Silymarin: a review on paving the way towards promising pharmacological agent
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, Arthritis, NA
*hepatoP↑, It improves hepatic function, lessens hepatotoxicity caused by high acetaminophen intake, and can lessen oxidative stress in experimental mice, according to a study on animals
*Inflam↓,
*chemoP↑, moreover reducing the side effect of chemotherapeutic agents.
*glucose↓, Silymarin is effective anti-diabetic as it lowers serum glucose levels thus preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy
*antiOx↑, Various studies revealed that Silymarin could exert antioxidant properties in several mechanisms, which includes direct hindrance in free radical production,
*ROS↓,
*ACC↓, down-regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
*FASN↓,
*radioP↑, More studies have revealed radioprotective properties of Silymarin in the testis tissues of mice and rats
*NF-kB↓, Silymarin inhibits NF-kB, down-regulates TGF-ß1 mRNA
*TGF-β↓,
*AST↓, Silymarin significantly decreased the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and also reversed the altered expressions of α-smooth muscle actin in fibrotic tissue
*α-SMA↝,
*eff↑, Okda et al.[Citation76] currently reported that silymarin with ginger has significantly decreased the severity and incidence of liver fibrosis.
*neuroP↑, Researchers demonstrated that silymarin inhibits microglia activation, and protects dopaminergic neurons from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity
eff↑, The Silymarin with a selenium dose of 570 mg/d, for 6 months caused no side effects and was effective in reducing prostate cancer growth
ROS↓, Silymarin shows anti-cancerous properties considered to be linked to oxidative stress inhibition, apoptosis induction, growth cycle arrest, and mitochondrial pathway inhibition


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 1

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
eff↑,1,   ROS↓,1,  
Total Targets: 2

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
ACC↓,1,   antiOx↑,1,   AST↓,1,   chemoP↑,1,   eff↑,1,   FASN↓,1,   glucose↓,1,   hepatoP↑,1,   Inflam↓,1,   neuroP↑,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   radioP↑,1,   ROS↓,1,   TGF-β↓,1,   α-SMA↝,1,  
Total Targets: 15

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: glucose, glucose
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:154  Target#:1278  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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