Database Query Results : Propolis -bee glue, , FAK

PBG, Propolis -bee glue: Click to Expand ⟱
Features: Compound
Brazilian Green Propolis often considered best
• Derived from Baccharis dracunulifolia, this type is rich in artepillin C.
• It has been widely researched for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
-Propolis common researched flavonoids :chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, pinobanksin(Pinocembrin)
-most representative phenolic acids were caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, as well as their derivatives, DMCA and caffeic acid prenyl, benzyl, phenylethyl (CAPE), and cinnamyl esters
-One of the most studied active compounds of a poplar-type propolis is caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)
-caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), galangin, chrysin, nemorosone, propolin G, artepillin C, cardanol, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, chicoric acid, and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid), as well as luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, naringenin, kaempferol, quercetin, polysaccharides, tannins, terpenes, sterols, and aldehydes -content highly variable based on location and extraction
Two main factors of interest:
1. affects interstitual fluild pH
2. high concentration raises ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), while low concentration may reduce ROS

- Artepillin-C (major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP))
- caffeic acid major source

Propolis is chemically diverse (300+ compounds reported) and composition depends on botanical/geographic source.
Antibacterial activity is documented in classic literature (often stronger against Gram+).
CAPE from propolis has reported preferential tumor cytotoxicity in early landmark work (often cited in antimicrobial paper references)

Do not combine with 2DG

Pathways:
-Propolis compounds (e.g., artepillin C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester [CAPE]) can trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells.
-Propolis has been shown to inhibit NF‑κB activation.
-Propolis extracts can cause cell cycle arrest at specific checkpoints (e.g., G0/G1 or G2/M phases).
-Enhance the body’s antitumor immune responses, for example by activating natural killer (NK) cells and modulating cytokine profiles.

-Note half-life no standard, high variablity of content.
BioAv poor water solubility, and low oral bioavailability.
Pathways:
- high concentration may induce ROS production, while low concentrations mya low it. This may apply to both normal and cancer cells. Normal Cells Example. (Also not sure if high level are acheivable in vivo due to bioavailability)
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx,
SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓ -->
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, P53↑,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank Pathway / Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells TSF Primary Effect Notes / Interpretation
1 ROS / redox stress (context-selective) Often ↑ ROS / oxidative stress susceptibility (P→R→G) Often antioxidant / cytoprotective in inflammatory stress contexts (R→G) P, R, G Stress amplifier / selectivity gate Net ROS direction is highly context- and extract-dependent; propolis chemistry varies by geography/plant source and can shift redox behavior.
2 NF-κB inflammatory transcription ↓ NF-κB activity (R→G) Anti-inflammatory signaling in immune/tissue contexts (R→G) R, G Anti-inflammatory / anti-survival transcription A common “hub” claim across propolis literature; contributes to reduced cytokine/pro-survival programs.
3 Intrinsic apoptosis (mitochondria → caspases) ↑ apoptosis; ↑ caspase activation (G) ↔ (usually less activation) G Cell death execution Often downstream of sustained stress signaling and/or survival pathway suppression.
4 MAPK re-wiring (ERK / p38 / JNK) Stress MAPK shifts; JNK/p38 often ↑ with stress (P→R); ERK variable ↔ / context-dependent P, R, G Signal reprogramming MAPK directions depend on extract composition, dose, and tumor type; best described as “re-wiring” rather than fixed arrows for ERK.
5 PI3K → AKT (± mTOR) ↓ PI3K/AKT survival signaling (R→G) ↔ R, G Growth/survival suppression Often reported alongside reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis susceptibility.
6 Nrf2 / antioxidant response (HO-1, GSH enzymes) Context-dependent (may be ↓ in tumor-stress settings; may be ↑ as adaptation) Often ↑ protective antioxidant response under stress R, G Adaptive buffering Nrf2 direction is not universal; avoid absolute “Nrf2 always ↑/↓” statements for propolis.
7 Angiogenesis (VEGF and related factors) ↓ angiogenic signaling outputs (G) ↔ G Anti-angiogenic support Usually shows up in later gene-expression / phenotype assays rather than early signaling.
8 EMT / invasion / migration (MMPs, EMT markers) ↓ EMT / ↓ migration & invasion programs (G) ↔ G Anti-invasive phenotype Often measured as reduced MMP activity and reduced migration/invasion phenotypes; timing tends to be later.
9 Antimicrobial / microbiome-relevant effects Indirect (may reduce infection-driven inflammation) Direct antimicrobial activity (context) R, G Host-protective / anti-infective Propolis has documented antibacterial activity (stronger vs many Gram+ than Gram− in classic reports), which can matter for inflammation-linked biology.
10 Key bioactives (CAPE; flavonoids/phenolics) CAPE-class compounds: tumor-selective cytotoxicity reported (G) ↔ G “Active fraction” concept Propolis is a mixture; effects may be driven by a few high-impact phenolics (e.g., CAPE) and vary by extract standardization.

Time-Scale Flag (TSF): P / R / G

  • P: 0–30 min (primary/physical–chemical effects; rapid signaling / phosphorylation shifts)
  • R: 30 min–3 hr (redox signaling + acute stress-response signaling)
  • G: >3 hr (gene-regulatory adaptation and phenotype-level outcomes)
FAK, FAK signaling: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: HalifaxProj(inhibit)
Type:
FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. It is primarily localized at focal adhesions, where it interacts with integrins and other signaling molecules. FAK promotes cell proliferation by activating signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. These pathways are often upregulated in cancer cells, leading to uncontrolled growth.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2781- CHr,  PBG,    Chrysin a promising anticancer agent: recent perspectives
- Review, Var, NA
PI3K↓, It can block Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling in different animals against various cancers
Akt↓,
mTOR↓,
MMP9↑, Chrysin strongly suppresses Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), i.e. factors that can cause cancer
uPA↓,
VEGF↓,
AR↓, Chrysin has the ability to suppress the androgen receptor (AR), a protein necessary for prostate cancer development and metastasis
Casp↑, starts the caspase cascade and blocks protein synthesis to kill lung cancer cells
TumMeta↓, Chrysin significantly decreased lung cancer metastasis i
TumCCA↑, Chrysin induces apoptosis and stops colon cancer cells in the G2/M cell cycle phase
angioG↓, Chrysin prevents tumor growth and cancer spread by blocking blood vessel expansion
BioAv↓, Chrysin’s solubility, accessibility and bioavailability may limit its medical use.
*hepatoP↑, As chrysin reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rat liver cells exposed to a toxic chemical agent.
*neuroP↑, Protecting the brain against oxidative stress (GPx) may be aided by increasing levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
*SOD↑,
*GPx↑,
*ROS↓, A decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in antioxidant capacity may result from chrysin’s anti-inflammatory properties
*Inflam↓,
*Catalase↑, Supplementation with chrysin increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes like SOD and catalase and reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA) in the colon tissue of the rats.
*MDA↓, Antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT) and oxidative stress marker (MDA) levels were both enhanced by chrysin supplementation in mouse liver tissue
ROS↓, reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress markers in the cancer cells further indicated the antioxidant activity of chrysin
BBB↑, After crossing the blood-brain barrier, it has been shown to accumulate there
Half-Life↓, The half-life of chrysin in rats is predicted to be close to 2 hours.
BioAv↑, Taking chrysin with food may increase the effectiveness of the supplement: increased by a factor of 1.8 when taken with a high-fat meal
ROS↑, In contrast to 5-FU/oxaliplatin, chrysin increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn causes autophagy by stopping Akt and mTOR from doing their jobs
eff↑, mixture of chrysin and cisplatin caused the SCC-25 and CAL-27 cell lines to make more oxygen free radicals. After treatment with chrysin, cisplatin, or both, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to have gone up.
ROS↑, When reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium levels in the cytoplasm rise because of chrysin, OC cells die.
ROS↑, chrysin is the cause of death in both types of prostate cancer cells. It does this by depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), making reactive oxygen species (ROS), and starting lipid peroxidation.
lipid-P↑,
ER Stress↑, when chrysin is present in DU145 and PC-3 cells, the expression of a group of proteins that control ER stress goes up
NOTCH1↑, Chrysin increased the production of Notch 1 and hairy/enhancer of split 1 at the protein and mRNA levels, which stopped cells from dividing
NRF2↓, Not only did chrysin stop Nrf2 and the genes it controls from working, but it also caused MCF-7 breast cancer cells to die via apoptosis.
p‑FAK↓, After 48 hours of treatment with chrysin at amounts between 5 and 15 millimoles, p-FAK and RhoA were greatly lowered
Rho↓,
PCNA↓, Lung histology and immunoblotting studies of PCNA, COX-2, and NF-B showed that adding chrysin stopped the production of these proteins and maintained the balance of cells
COX2↓,
NF-kB↓,
PDK1↓, After the chrysin was injected, the genes PDK1, PDK3, and GLUT1 that are involved in glycolysis had less expression
PDK3↑,
GLUT1↓,
Glycolysis↓, chrysin stops glycolysis
mt-ATP↓, chrysin inhibits complex II and ATPases in the mitochondria of cancer cells
Ki-67↓, the amounts of Ki-67, which is a sign of growth, and c-Myc in the tumor tissues went down
cMyc↓,
ROCK1↓, (ROCK1), transgelin 2 (TAGLN2), and FCH and Mu domain containing endocytic adaptor 2 (FCHO2) were much lower.
TOP1↓, DNA topoisomerases and histone deacetylase were inhibited, along with the synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and (IL-1 beta), while the activity of protective signaling pathways was increased
TNF-α↓,
IL1β↓,
CycB/CCNB1↓, Chrysin suppressed cyclin B1 and CDK2 production in order to stop cancerous growth.
CDK2↓,
EMT↓, chrysin treatment can also stop EMT
STAT3↓, chrysin block the STAT3 and NF-B pathways, but it also greatly reduced PD-L1 production both in vivo and in vitro.
PD-L1↓,
IL2↑, chrysin increases both the rate of T cell growth and the amount of IL-2

1660- PBG,    Emerging Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Propolis and its Constituents
- Review, Var, NA
MMPs↓, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, anti-angiogenesis
angioG↓,
TumMeta↓, prevention of metastasis, cell-cycle arrest
TumCCA↑,
Apoptosis↑,
ChemoSideEff↓, moderation of the chemotherapy-induced deleterious side effects
eff∅, components conferring antitumor potentials have been identified as caffeic acid phenethyl ester, chrysin, artepillin C, nemorosone, galangin, cardanol, etc
HDAC↓, Taiwanese green propolis extract was used to develop an anticancer agent NBM-HD-3, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACis).
PTEN↑, found to increase phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and protein kinase B (Akt) protein levelssignificantly, while decreasing phospho-PTEN and phospho-Akt levels markedly
p‑PTEN↓,
p‑Akt↓,
Casp3↑, Propolis induced apoptosis and caspase 3 cleavage, increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B/Akt1 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK).
p‑ERK↑,
p‑FAK↑,
Dose?, When administered orally for 20 weeks at a dose of 100-300 mg/kg, the protective role against the lingual carcinogenesis was observed
Akt↓, treatment reduced the protein abundance of Akt, Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, phospho-Akt Ser473, phospho-Akt Thr 308, GSK3β, FOXO1, FOXO3a, phospho-FOXO1
GSK‐3β↓,
FOXO3↓,
eff↑, Co-treatment with CAPE and 5-fluorouracil exhibited additive anti-proliferation of TW2.6 cells.
IL2↑, Propolis administration stimulated IL-2 and IL-10 production
IL10↑,
NF-kB↓, reduces the expression of growth and transcription factors, including NF-κB.
VEGF↓, CAPE dose-dependently suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) formation by MDA-231 cells,
mtDam↑, Brazilian red propolis significantly reduced the cancer cell viability through the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation.
ER Stress↑, the action was believed to be due to endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signalling induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)
AST↓, Rats,(250 mg/kg) thrice a week for 3 weeks
ALAT↓, Rats,(250 mg/kg) thrice a week for 3 weeks
ALP↓, Rats,(250 mg/kg) thrice a week for 3 weeks
COX2↓, Rats,(250 mg/kg) thrice a week for 3 weeks, Expression of COX-2 and NF-kB p65 was significantly lowered
eff↑, co-treatment of cancer cells with 100 ng/mL TRAIL and 50 μg/mL propolis extract increased the percentage of apoptotic cells to about 66% and caused a significant disruption of membrane potential in LNCaP cells (
Bax:Bcl2↑, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio

1661- PBG,    Propolis: a natural compound with potential as an adjuvant in cancer therapy - a review of signaling pathways
- Review, Var, NA
JNK↓, downregulating pathways involving Jun-N terminal kinase, ERK1/2, Akt and NF-ƘB
ERK↓,
Akt↓,
NF-kB↓,
FAK↓, inhibiting Wtn2 and FAK, and MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
MAPK↓,
PI3K↓,
Akt↓,
P21↑, propolis-induced up-regulation of p21 and p27
p27↑,
TRAIL↑, effects of propolis are mediated through upregulation of TRAIL, Bax, p53, and downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling
BAX↑,
P53↑,
ERK↓,
ChemoSen↑, effective adjuvant therapy aimed at reducing related side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy
RadioS↑,
Glycolysis↓, Chinese poplar propolis decreased aerobic glycolysis by reducing the levels of crucial enzymes such as phosphofructokinase (PFK), hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA)
HK2↓,
PKM2↓,
LDHA↓,
PFK↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 3

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

lipid-P↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 3,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

mt-ATP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   HK2↓, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   PDK1↓, 1,   PDK3↑, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 4,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 1,   BAX↑, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   p27↑, 1,   TRAIL↑, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 2,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

P53↑, 1,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↑, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↓, 1,   ERK↓, 2,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   NOTCH1↑, 1,   PI3K↓, 2,   PTEN↑, 1,   p‑PTEN↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 1,   TOP1↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

FAK↓, 1,   p‑FAK↓, 1,   p‑FAK↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP9↑, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   TumMeta↓, 2,   uPA↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   GLUT1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 2,   IL10↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL2↑, 2,   NF-kB↓, 3,   PD-L1↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose?, 1,   eff↑, 3,   eff∅, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   ALP↓, 1,   AR↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

ChemoSideEff↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 83

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   SOD↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Inflam↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 8

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: FAK, FAK signaling
3 Propolis -bee glue
1 Chrysin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:137  Target#:110  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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