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| Plant pigment (flavonoid) found in red wine, onions, green tea, apples and berries. Quercetin is thought to contribute to anticancer effects through several mechanisms: -Antioxidant Activity: -Induction of Apoptosis:modify Bax:Bcl-2 ratio -Anti-inflammatory Effects: -Cell Cycle Arrest: -Inhibition of Angiogenesis and Metastasis: (VEGF) Cellular Pathways: -PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway: central to cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. -MAPK/ERK Pathway: influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. -NF-κB Pathway: downregulate NF-κB -JAK/STAT Pathway: interfere with the activation of STAT3 -Apoptotic Pathways: intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways Quercetin has been used at doses around 500–1000 mg per day Quercetin’s bioavailability from foods or standard supplements can be low. EMIQ bioavialability is about 3X that of Quercetin (Example Natural Factors brand) Isoquercitrin is high bioaviability and efficiacy but at this time does not seem available as supplement. -Note half-life 11 to 28 hours. BioAv low 1-10%, poor water-solubility, consuming with fat may improve bioavialability. also piperine or VitC. Pathways: - induce ROS production in cancer cells (higher dose). Typicallys Lowers ROS in normal cells(unless it is high dose?)or depends on Redox status?. "quercetin paradox" - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓, Prx, - Confusing info about Lowering AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓(some contrary), TrxR↓**, SOD↓(contrary), GSH↓ Catalase↓(contrary), HO1↓(some contrary), GPx↓(some contrary) - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓ - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, SDF1↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMTs↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓, TET↑ - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1, - inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDH↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓ - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, - some indication of inhibiting Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CK2↓, Hh↓, CD24↓, β-catenin↓, Notch2↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, α↓, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol). - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells
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| Plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative functions, IFN-γ is considered potentially useful for adjuvant immunotherapy for different types of cancer. Moreover, it IFN-γ may inhibit angiogenesis in tumor tissue, induce regulatory T-cell apoptosis, and/or stimulate the activity of M1 proinflammatory macrophages to overcome tumor progression. However, the current understanding of the roles of IFN-γ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be misleading in terms of its clinical application. IFN-γ is often expressed in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in response to immune cell infiltration. Its expression can be influenced by the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and other immune cells. High levels of IFN-γ are typically associated with a Th1 immune response, which is generally considered beneficial for anti-tumor immunity. Tumor Suppression: In many cases, IFN-γ has tumor-suppressive effects, as it can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in certain cancer types. |
| 923- | QC, | Quercetin as an innovative therapeutic tool for cancer chemoprevention: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human health |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 39- | QC, | A Comprehensive Analysis and Anti-Cancer Activities of Quercetin in ROS-Mediated Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells |
| - | Analysis, | NA, | NA |
| 3347- | QC, | Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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