condition found tbRes List
CUR, Curcumin: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Curcumin is the main active ingredient in Tumeric. Member of the ginger family.Curcumin is a polyphenol extracted from turmeric with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
- Has iron-chelating, iron-chelating properties. Ferritin. But still known to increase Iron in Cancer cells.
- GSH depletion in cancer cells, exhaustion of the antioxidant defense system. But still raises GSH↑ in normal cells.
- Higher concentrations (5-10 μM) of curcumin induce autophagy and ROS production
- Inhibition of TrxR, shifting the enzyme from an antioxidant to a prooxidant
- Strong inhibitor of Glo-I, , causes depletion of cellular ATP and GSH
- Curcumin has been found to act as an activator of Nrf2, (maybe bad in cancer cells?), hence could be combined with Nrf2 knockdown

Clinical studies testing curcumin in cancer patients have used a range of dosages, often between 500 mg and 8 g per day; however, many studies note that doses on the lower end may not achieve sufficient plasma concentrations for a therapeutic anticancer effect in humans.
• Formulations designed to improve curcumin absorption (like curcumin combined with piperine, nanoparticle formulations, or liposomal curcumin) are often employed in clinical trials to enhance its bioavailability.

-Note half-life 6 hrs.
BioAv is poor, use piperine or other enhancers
Pathways:
- induce ROS production at high concentration. Lowers ROS at lower concentrations
- ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓
- Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓
but conversely is known as a NRF2↑ activator in cancer
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, SDF1↓, TGF-β↓, α-SMA↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓,
- inhibits glycolysis /Warburg Effect and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, GLUT1↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, PFKs↓, PDKs↓, HK2↓, ECAR↓, OXPHOS↓, GRP78↑, GlucoseCon↓
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, FGF↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓,
- inhibits Cancer Stem Cells : CSC↓, CK2↓, Hh↓, GLi1↓, CD133↓, CD24↓, β-catenin↓, n-myc↓, sox2↓, OCT4↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK↓, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**,
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells


angioG, angiogenesis: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Process through which new blood vessels.
Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels, plays a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. Tumors require a blood supply to grow beyond a certain size and to spread to other parts of the body.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): VEGF is one of the most important pro-angiogenic factors. It stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, leading to the formation of new blood vessels. Many tumors overexpress VEGF, which correlates with poor prognosis.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF): In response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia), tumors can activate HIF, which in turn promotes the expression of VEGF and other angiogenic factors. This mechanism allows tumors to adapt to their microenvironment and sustain growth.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2015- CAP,  CUR,  urea,    Anti-cancer Activity of Sustained Release Capsaicin Formulations
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, Several convergent studies show that capsaicin displays robust cancer activity, suppressing the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of several human cancers.
TumCG↓,
angioG↓,
TumMeta↓,
BioAv↓, clinical applications of capsaicin as a viable anti-cancer drug have remained problematic due to its poor bioavailability and aqueous solubility properties
BioAv↓, capsaicin is associated with adverse side effects like gastrointestinal cramps, stomach pain, nausea and diarrhea and vomiting
BioAv↑, All these hurdles may be circumvented by encapsulation of capsaicin in sustained release drug delivery systems.
selectivity↑, Most importantly, these long-acting capsaicin formulations selectively kill cancer cells and have minimal growth-suppressive activity on normal cells.
EPR↑, The EPR effect is a mechanism by which high–molecular drug delivery systems (typically prodrugs, liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal tissues
eff↓, The efficiency of such extravasation is maximum when the size of the liposomes less than 200 nm The CAP-CUR-GLY-GAL-LIPO were spherical in shape with a narrow range of size distribution ranging from 135–155nm
ChemoSen↑, The chemosensitization and anti-tumor activity of capsaicin involves multiple molecular pathways
Dose∅, oral, Intravenous (IV), and Intraperitoneal (IP) options
Half-Life∅, oral metabolized in 105mins, T1/2in blood=25mins.
eff↑, presence of urea (as a carrier) increased the aqueous solubility of capsaicin by 3.6-fold compared to pure capsaicin

465- CUR,    Curcumin inhibits the growth of liver cancer by impairing myeloid-derived suppressor cells in murine tumor tissues
- vitro+vivo, Liver, HepG2 - vitro+vivo, Liver, HUH7 - vitro+vivo, Liver, MHCC-97H
TumCG↓,
MDSCs↓,
TLR4↓,
NF-kB↓,
IL6↓,
IL1↓, IL-1β
PGE2↓,
COX2↓,
GM-CSF↓,
angioG↓,
VEGF↓,
CD31↓,
GM-CSF↓,
α-SMA↓,
p‑IKKα↓, p-IKKα, p-IKKβ
MyD88↓,


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
angioG↓,2,   AntiCan↑,1,   BioAv↓,2,   BioAv↑,1,   CD31↓,1,   ChemoSen↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   Dose∅,1,   eff↓,1,   eff↑,1,   EPR↑,1,   GM-CSF↓,2,   Half-Life∅,1,   p‑IKKα↓,1,   IL1↓,1,   IL6↓,1,   MDSCs↓,1,   MyD88↓,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   PGE2↓,1,   selectivity↑,1,   TLR4↓,1,   TumCG↓,2,   TumMeta↓,1,   VEGF↓,1,   α-SMA↓,1,  
Total Targets: 26

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: angioG, angiogenesis
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:65  Target#:447  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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